Background: Laparoscopic skills vary with experience and training; however, objective measures to
ascertain the level of training have not yet been established. New technology allows noninterfering
measurement of eye motion parameters that correlate with attention and distraction during visually
oriented tasks. Our objective was to apply this new technology in the setting of video-assisted
surgery to evaluate eye motion parameters among surgeons of varying experience.
Materials and Methods: Subjects with various levels of laparoscopic experience (novice, intermediate,
and expert) were fitted with a noninvasive, Food and Drug Administration approved, eye motion
monitoring device. The device was used to measure and record parameters of eye motion, including
saccadic rate (SR), standardized peak velocity (PV), standardized saccadic amplitude (SA),
and the duration of gaze fixation (FD), during the performance of 3 basic laparoscopic tasks on a
laparoscopic training station.
Results: A total of 24 subjects (3 groups of 8 each) participated in this study. Experience level was
found to have a main significant effect on SR (P = 0.047) and PV (P = 0.028). Two-way ANOVA
demonstrated that experience level approached significance for SA (P = 0.058) and FD (P = 0.055).
Conclusion: The advancement of laparoscopic techniques and instrumentation relies, in part, on
expanding the current understanding of operator/instrument interactions. This places an increasing
demand on objective methods of monitoring such interactions during laparoscopy. Our study
demonstrates a significant difference in eye motion parameters in surgeons with differing levels of
experience. Further testing is needed in actual clinical settings to determine the importance of eye
motion during surgery.
