The author reviews the scant literature relating to the concept of depressive affect as an affect parallel to anxiety. Then, through the presentation of detailed clinical psychoanalytic data, in particular the patient's associations to interpretation, he demonstrates the value to the conduct of a psychoanalysis of an awareness of the role of depressive affect as a signal affect that triggers defense.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbrahamK. (1912). Notes on the psychoanalytic investigation and treatment of manic-depressive insanity and allied conditions. In Selected Papers.New York: Basic Books, 1953, pp. 137–156
2.
ArlowJ. A. (1979). The genesis of interpretation. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 27:193–206
3.
BibringE. (1953). The mechanism of depression. In Affective Disorders: Psychoanalytic Contributions to Their Study, ed. GreenacreP.. New York: Int. Univ. Press, pp. 13–48
4.
BoeskyD. (1988). Criteria of evidence for an unconscious fantasy. In Fantasy, Myth, and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow, M.D., ed. BlumH. P.KramerY.RichardsA. K.BlumH. P.KramerY.RichardsA. K.. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press, pp. 111–132
5.
BornsteinB. (1949). The analysis of a phobic child. Psychoanal. Study Child, 3/4:181–226
6.
BrennerC. (1974a). Depression, anxiety, and affect theory. Int. J. Psychoanal., 55:25–32
7.
BrennerC. (1974b). On the nature and development of affect: a unified theory. Psychoanal. Q., 43:532–556
8.
BrennerC. (1975a). Affects and psychic conflict. Psychoanal. Q., 44:5–28
9.
BrennerC. (1975b). Depression, anxiety, and affect theory: a reply to the discussion by Paula Heimann. Int. J. Psychoanal., 56:229
10.
BrennerC. (1979). Depressive affect, anxiety, and psychic conflict in the phallicoedipal phase. Psychoanal. Q., 48:177–197
11.
BrennerC. (1982). The Mind in Conflict.New York: Int. Univ. Press
12.
DorpatT. L. (1977). Depressive affect. Psychoanal. Study Child, 32:3–27
13.
FenichelO. (1941). The ego and the affects. In The Collected Papers of Otto Fenichel. Second Series. New York: Norton, 1954, pp. 215–227
14.
FreudA. (1936). The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense. Writings, 2. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1966
15.
FreudS. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. S. E., 14
16.
FreudS. (1926). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. S. E., 20
17.
FreudS. (1937). Constructions in analysis. S. E., 23
18.
GreensonR. R. (1959). Phobia, anxiety, and depression. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 7:663–674
19.
HaynalA. (1978). Some reflexions on depressive affect. Int. J. Psychoanal., 59:165–171
20.
HeimannP. (1974). A discussion of the paper by Charles Brenner on ‘Depression, anxiety and affect theory.’Int. J. Psychoanal., 55:33–36
21.
HoffmanL. (1989). The psychoanalytic process and the development of insight in child analysis: a case study. Psychoanal. Q., 57:63–80
22.
HoffmanL. (1991). Concealment in early adolescence. In Casebook of Termination, ed. SchmucklerA.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press, pp. 99–116
23.
JacobsonE. (1971). Depression: Comparative Studies of Normal, Neurotic and Psychotic Conditions.New York: Int. Univ. Press
24.
MassonJ. M., Ed. (1985). The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess: 1887–1904.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press
25.
MilrodD. (1988). A current view of the psychoanalytic theory of depression. Psychoanal. Study Child, 43:83–99
26.
RenikO. (1990). Comments on the clinical analysis of anxiety and depressive affect. Psychoanal. Q., 59:226–248
27.
RichardsA. D.RichardsA. D., Eds. (1986). Psychoanalysis: The Science of Mental Conflict. Essays in Honor of Charles Brenner.Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press
28.
RubinfineD. (1968). Notes on a theory of depression. Psychoanal. Q., 37:400–417
29.
SandlerJ.SandlerJ. (1965). Notes on childhood depression. Int. J. Psychoanal., 46:88–96
30.
StoneL. (1986). Psychoanalytic observations on the pathology of depressive illness: selected spheres of ambiguity and disagreement. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 34:329–362
31.
WisdomJ. O. (1967). Testing an interpretation within a session. Int. J. Psychoanal., 48:44–52