Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) applications that enhance user presence have been hypothesized to be effective training tools for promoting virtual task performance and transfer of skill to reality in operation of complex systems. Research has focused on use of VR for training navigation skills, but has not described how systems should be configured to increase presence and provide for optimum learning. We present a study comparing the effect of display types, as well as navigational aids, on performance, presence, and workload in training navigation of a telerobotic vehicle through a virtual maze. The relationships among performance, presence, workload, and human factors, such as spatial ability and immersive tendencies, were also examined. The findings of this research may be used to formulate VR application design guidelines for enhancing user presence in virtual environments and, possibly, promoting training of real skills.
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