The social aspects of these changes are taken up by Peter Willmott in his contribution to this volume, 'Some Social Trends', pp. 286-308.
2.
The Government Social Survey's study of leisure and recreation was conducted among the urban population of England and Wales, with separate subsamples for inner London and the New Towns: the national sample totalled 2,682 members, the other samples were 1,732 and 1,321 respectively. K.K. Sillitoe, Planning for Leisure, H.M.S.O., 1969.
3.
British Travel Association—University of Keele, Pilot National Recreation Survey, Report No. I, 1967. A second report, on the chief differences in recreation between six major divisions of Great Britain, is in the Press. This survey, on which the reports have been written by the present author, was based on the relatively small national sample of 3,167 individuals. Broadly speaking, its salient conclusions have been confirmed by the results of the Government Social Survey inquiry.
4.
A pioneer attempt to use the data of a 'demand survey' predictively is contained in the first of the major regional recreational studies, the inquiry into Outdoor Leisure Activities in the Northern Region, by National Opinion Polls, which uses the technique of discriminant analysis to establish a relationship between recreations and those demographic and socio-economic characteristics that appear to be their chief determinants. This report is not yet published, and so comment is inappropriate. There are two obvious hazards in this—or any related—technique: the relationship between a recreation and its 'determinants' is often too loose for confident calculation, and there is often great difficulty in projecting those socio-economic factors that seem to be the chief influences on recreation.
5.
See, for example, K.O. Male, Recreation in Cheshire, Cheshire County Council, 1967; and Cheshire Countryside, 1968 . The former is a facilities survey and the latter a stocktaking of resources for countryside recreation, on a sub-regional basis, related to estimates of demand.
6.
This and other problems in the methodology of recreational research are discussed in T.L. Burton and P.A. Noad, Recreation Research Methods: A Review of Recent Studies, University of Birmingham, 1968.
7.
Among the chief exceptions to this are two more general studies: T.L. Burton and G.P. Wibberley, Outdoor Recreation in the British Countryside, 1965; and T.L. Burton, Outdoor Recreation Enterprises in Problem Rural Areas, 1967 . Both are Wye College Studies in Rural Land Use, Nos 5 and 9 respectively.
8.
M.F. Tanner, Coastal Recreation in England and Wales, Sports Council , 1967.
9.
British Travel Association and Peak Park Planning Board, A Survey of the Peak District National Park, 1963.
10.
D.C. Nicholls and A. Young, Recreation and Tourism in the Loch Lomond Area, University of Glasgow, 1968.
11.
F.P. Tindall , in 'The Care of a Coastline', Journal of the Town Planning Institute, Vol. 53, 1967, p. 387, deals with the problems of capacity, conservation and development on a varied coastline in Scotland.
12.
N.W. Mansfield , Traffic Policy in the Lake District National Park, Journal of the Town Planning Institute, Vol. 54, 1968, p. 263.
13.
See M.F. Tanner, op. cit.
14.
This is clearly shown by the regional data of the Keele-B.T.A. survey.
15.
See N.W. Mansfield, op. cit
16.
16 Staffordshire County Council, Recreation Plan for the County, n.d.
17.
17 A related concept, that each major city region must have easy access to a recreational 'lebensraum' in its hinterland to which the great bulk of pleasure trips is made, is explored in B. Cracknell, 'Accessibility to the Countryside as a factor in Planning for Leisure', Regional Studies, Vol. i, 1967, p. 147.
