The precipitation-hardening stainless steel 17-4 PH is widely used for oilfield components (tubing hangers and valve stems) due to its favourable combination of high strength and corrosion resistance. In oil and gas production systems containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S), however, this material is highly susceptible to sulphide stress cracking (SSC). Numerous investigations conducted in the past decades outlined its corrosion performance and confirmed its cracking propensity. These studies indicated failures by SSC at low stress levels and highlighted the effects of the main environmental variables: partial pressure of H2S, environment pH, temperature and chloride content. This review describes a series of surface modification techniques, particularly the low-temperature plasma nitriding, which can potentially be used to prevent SSC.
This review was submitted as part of the 2017 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged
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