The study of children's knowledge about minds is an extremely active area of developmental psychology. This article discusses the reach of this research and the theoretical views guiding it. It then presents some cultural variations (within the United States) in behavior explanation and explains the relevance of that variation to developmental theory. A theory ofearly mind reading that is presented incorporates culture, introspection, analogy, and ontogeny (CIAO).
BloomH. (1998). Shakespeare: The invention of the human.New York: Riverhead.
2.
GopnikA.MeltzoffA. (1997). Words, thoughts, and theories.Boston: MIT Press.
3.
HarrisP.L. (1995). From simulation to folk psychology. In DaviesM.StoneT. (Eds.), Folk psychology: The case for development (pp. 207–221). Cambridge, England: Blackwell.
4.
LillardA.S. (1998). Ethnopsychologies: Cultural variations in theory of mind.Psychological Bulletin, 123, 3–33.
5.
LillardA.S.ZeljoA.HarlanD. (1998). Developing cultural schemas. Unpublished manuscript, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
6.
MeltzoffA.N.MooreM.K. (1995). A theory of the role of imitation in the emergence of self. In RochatP. (Ed.), The self in infancy (pp. 73–93). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
7.
MillerJ.G. (1984). Culture and the development of everyday social explanation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 961–978.
8.
MitchellP.LewisC. (1994). Critical issues in children's early understanding of the mind. In LewisC.MitchellP. (Eds.), Children's early understanding of mind (pp. 1–16). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
9.
PovinelliD.GiambroneS. (in press). Inferring other minds.Philosophical Topics..
10.
PremackD.WoodruffG. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 515–526.
11.
SchollA.M.LeslieA.M. (1999). Modularity, development, and ‘theory of mind.’Mind and Language, 14, 131–153.
12.
WellmanH.M. (1990). The child's theory of mind.Cambridge, MA: Bradford.
13.
WellmanH.M.CrossD.WatsonJ.K. (1999). Development of theory of mind: The truth about false belief. Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
14.
WimmerH.PernerJ. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs.Cognition, 13, 103–128.
15.
WoodwardA.L. (1998). Infants selectively encode the goal object of an actor's reach.Cognition, 69, 1–34.