Abstract
Measurement involves numerous theoretical and empirical steps—ensuring our measures are operating the same in different groups is one step. Measurement invariance occurs when the factor loadings and item intercepts or thresholds of a scale operate similarly for people at the same level of the latent variable in different groups. This is commonly assumed to mean the scale is measuring the same thing in those groups. Here we test the assumption of extending measurement invariance to mean common measurement by randomly assigning American adults (
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
