Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Understanding viscoelastic properties of composite materials is essential for the design and analysis of many advanced structures. However, experimental viscoelastic characterization of anisotropic materials can be complicated because of the number of independent parameters to be evaluated. Recently, an approach leading to the 3-D viscoelastic characterization of transversely isotropic materials using a reduced number of measured parameters has been developed. The model reduces the number of independent parameters to describe the viscoelastic behavior of transversely isotropic materials, which greatly simplifies the experimental procedures. Based on this recently developed model, the present article evaluates time and temperature effects on the viscoelastic properties of a fiber reinforced lamina. The experimental investigation is conducted on sub-scale specimens loaded in flexure, using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) equipment. Ultimately, the approach presented in this work will allow the construction of master curves for the independent viscoelastic parameters that characterize a transversely isotropic material. Therefore, the experimental technique presented in this work provides a means for the study of viscoelastic properties of fiber reinforced composites, and constitutes a valuable contribution to the understanding of time and temperature dependence of these mechanical properties.

Keywords

viscoelasticity dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)PEEK transversely isotropic

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. Hunt, B.J. and James, M.I. (1993). Polymer Characterisation, Blackie Academic & Professional, New York.

2. Nakada, M. et al. (1999). Time and Temperature Dependence of Flexural Fatigue Strength for Pitch-based CFRP, In: Proceedings of ICCM-12, Paris.

3. Nakada, M. et al. (1999). Time and Temperature Dependence of Static, Creep, and Fatigue Behavior for CF/Epoxy Strands, In: Proceedings of ICCM-12, Paris.

4. McMurray, M.K. , Miyano, Y. , Nakada, M. and Muki, R. (1997). Prediction of Flexural Fatigue Strength of CFRP Composites Under Arbitrary Frequency, Stress Ratio and Temperature, Journal of Composite Materials, 31(6): 619–638.

5. Enyama, J. , Miyano, Y. , McMurray, M.K. and Nakada, M. (1994). Loading Rate and Temperature Dependence on Flexural Fatigue Behavior of a Satin Woven CFRP Laminate, Journal of Composite Materials, 28(11): 1250–1260.

6. Sihn, S. , Miyano Y. , Nakada, M. and Tsai, S.W. (2003). Time- and Temperature-Dependent Failures of a Metal-to-Composites Bonded Joint with PMMA Adhesive Material, Journal of Composite Materials, 37(1): 35–54.

7. Melo, J.D.D. and Radford, D.W. (2003). Viscoelastic Characterization of Transversely Isotropic Composite Laminae, Journal of Composite Materials, 37(2): 129–145.

8. Zinoviev, P.A. and Ermakov, Y.N. (1994) Energy Dissipation in Composite Materials, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster, PA.

9. Christensen, R.M. (1981). Theory of Viscoelasticity – An Introduction. Academic Press, New York.

10.

10. Drozdov, A.D. (1998). Viscoelastic Structures – Mechanics of Growth and Aging, Academic Press, New York.

11.

11. Drozdov, A.D. (1998). Mechanics of Viscoelastic Solids, Wiley, New York.

12.

12. Nielsen, L.E. and Landel, R.F. (1994). Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, Marcel Dekker, New York.

13.

13. Hilton, H.H. (2001). Implications and Constraints of Time-Independent Poisson Ratios in Linear Isotropic and Anisotropic Viscoelasticity, Journal of Elasticity, 63: 221–251.

14.

14. Hilton, H.H. and Yi, S. (1998). The Significance of (An)Isotropic Viscoelastic Poisson Ratio Stress and Time Dependencies, International Journal Solids and Structures, 35: 3081–3095.

15.

15. Mead, D.J. and Joannides, R.J. (1991). Measurement of the Dynamic Moduli and Poisson’s Ratios of a Transversely Isotropic Fibre-Reinforced Plastic, Composites, 22(1): 15–29.

16.

16. Hwang, S.J. , Gibson, R.F. and Singh, J. (1992). Decomposition of Coupling Effects on Damping of Laminated Composites Under Flexural Vibration, Composites Science and Technology, 43: 159–169.

17.

17. Melo, J.D.D. and Radford, D.W. (2003). Elastic Properties of PEEK/IM7 Related to Temperature, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 22(12): 1123–1139.

18.

18. Melo, J.D.D. and Radford, D.W. (2002). Determination of the Elastic Constants of a Transversely Isotropic Lamina Using Laminate Coefficients of Thermal Expansion, Journal of Composite Materials, 36(11): 1321–1329.