Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Experiments enforcing a pin bearing loading configuration were performed on a fully orthotropic GLARE 4 variant. The protocol employed in such experiments stemmed from a similar methodology performed on quasi-isotropic GLARE variants though now incorporating a local measurement scheme using biaxial strain gauges rather than uniaxial ones. The aim of this local measurement was both the extraction of novel bearing yield strength values and the detection of buckling within the aluminum layers. The encouragement of delamination and buckling was key since they not only form an integral portion of the proposed yielding through delamination buckling (YDB) mechanism but in addition, the pin bearing configuration — which ipso facto, encourages the former(s) — has been identified in the literature as the most conservative and accurate means for analyzing joint behavior and collapse. Analytical calculations previously performed support the empirical findings and provide direct evidence for the hegemony of aluminum yield strength in joint collapse. The proposed and employed protocol has been shown to be effective across a comprehensive range of GLARE variants and may be extended analogously to other standardized testing methodologies.

Keywords

fiber metal laminates GLARE orthotropic bearing strength yield strength delamination buckling experimental method.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Roebroeks, G.H.J.J. (2001). In: Vlot, A. and Gunnink, J.W. (eds), Glare Features, Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction, p. 23, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Wu, G. and Yang, J.M. (2005). The Mechanical Behaviour of GLARE Laminates for Aircraft Structures , Journal of the Minerals Metals and Materials Society, 57(1): 72-80.

Buemler, T. (2001). In: Vlot, A. and Gunnick, J.W. (eds), Damage Tolerance Aspects, Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction, p. 219, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Alderliesten, R.C. (2001). In: Vlot, A. and Gunnick, J.W. (eds), Fatigue, Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction, p. 155, Kluwer Academic Publishers , Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Alderliesten, R.C. , Hagenbeek, M. , Homan, J.J. , Hooijmeijer, P.A. , De Vries, T.J. and Vermeeren , C.A.J.R. (2003). Fatigue and Damage Tolerance of Glare , Applied Composite Materials , 10: 223-242.

Homan, J.J. , Müller, R.P.G. , Pellenkoft, F. , de Rijck, J.J.M. (authors), Vlot, A. and Gunnick, J.W. (eds.) (2001). Fatigue of Riveted Joints, Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction, p. 173, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Hagenbeek, M. (2001). In: Vlot, A. and Gunnick, J.W. (eds), Impact Properties, Fiber Metal Laminates an Introduction, p. 409, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Laliberté, J.F. , Poon, C. , Straznicky, P.V. and Fahr, A. (2002). Post-Impact Fatigue Damage Growth in Fiber Metal Laminates , International Journal of Fatigue, 24(2-4): 249-256.

Laliberté, J.F. , Straznicky, P.V. and Poon, C. (2005). Impact Damage in Fiber Metal Laminates, Part 1: Experiment , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, 43(11): 2445-2543.

10.

Slagter, W.J. (1992). On the Bearing Strength of Fiber Metal Laminates , Journal of Composite Materials, 26(17): 2543-2566.

11.

Meola, C. , Squillace, A. , Giorleo, G. and Nele, L. (2003). Experimental Characterization of an Innovative Glare® Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminate in Pin Bearing , Journal of Composite Materials, 37(17): 1543-1552.

12.

Caprino, G. , Squillace, A. , Giorleo, L. , Nele, L. and Rossi, L. (2005). Pin and Bolt Bearing Strength of Fiberglass/Aluminum Laminates , Composites: Part A, 36: 1307-1315.

13.

Van Rooijen, R.G.J. , Sinke, J. , De Vries, T.J. and Van Der Zwaag , S. (2006). The Bearing Strength of Fiber Metal Laminates , Journal of Composite Materials, 40(1): 5-19.

14.

Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics , Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Item D953-02.

15.

Standard Test Method for Pin Type Bearing Test of Metallic Materials , Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Item E238-02.

16.

Krimbalis, P.P. , Poon, C. , Fawaz, Z. and Behdinan, K. (2007). Prediction of Bearing Strength in Fiber Metal Laminates , Journal of Composite Materials , 41(9): 1137-1157.

17.

Krimbalis, P.P. , Poon, C. , Fawaz, Z. and Behdinan, K. (2007). Experimental Characterization of the Bearing Strength of Fiber Metal Laminates , Journal of Composite Materials, 41(26): 3109-3131.

18.

Wang, H.S. , Hung, C.L. and Chang, F.K. (1996). Bearing Failure of Bolted Composite Joints. Part I: Experimental Characterization , Journal of Composite Materials , 30(12): 1284-1313.

19.

Maplesoft Inc. (2005). Maple 10 User Manual, pp. 177-230, Canada.

20.

Boresi, A.P. and Schmidt, R.J. (2003). Advanced Mechanics of Materials, p. 611, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, U.S.A.

21.

Hagenbeek, M. , Van Hengel, C. , Bosker, O.J. and Vermeeren , C.A.J.R. (2003). Static Properties of Fiber Metal Laminates , Applied Composite Materials, 10: 207-222.

22.

Timoshenko, S.P. and Gere, J.M. (1961). Theory of Elastic Stability 2nd edn, pp. 348-373, McGraw-Hill Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.