Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2020-9
Effect of the proximity to the 0°/90° interface on Energy Release Rate of fiber/matrix interface crack growth in the 90°-ply of a cross-ply laminate under tensile loading
Models of Representative Volume Elements of cross-ply laminates with different geometric configurations and damage states are studied. Debond growth is characterized by the estimation of the Mode I and Mode II Energy Release Rate using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique. It is found that the presence of the interface and the thickness of the layer has no effect, apart from laminates with ultra-thin plies where it is however modest. The present analysis supports the claim that debond growth is not affected by the ply-thickness effect.
KawabeK. New spreading technology for carbon fiber tow and its application to composite materials. Sen'i Gakkaishi2008; 64: 262–267.
2.
Yamaguchi K and Hahn H. The improved ply cracking resistance of thin-ply laminates. In: Proceedings of theinternational conference on composite materials (ICCM-15). Tokyo, Japan, 27 June–02 July 2005. SAMPE.
3.
SihnSKimRKawabeK, et al.Experimental studies of thin-ply laminated composites. Compos Sci Technol2007; 67: 996–1008.
4.
YokozekiTAokiYOgasawaraT. Experimental characterization of strength and damage resistance properties of thin-ply carbon fiber/toughened epoxy laminates. Compos Struct2008; 82: 382–389.
5.
YokozekiTKurodaAYoshimuraA, et al.Damage characterization in thin-ply composite laminates under out-of-plane transverse loadings. Compos Struct2010; 93: 49–57.
6.
SaitoHTakeuchiHKimparaI. Experimental evaluation of the damage growth restraining in 90 layer of thin-ply cfrp cross-ply laminates. Adv Compos Mater2012; 21: 57–66.
7.
ArteiroACatalanottiGXavierJ, et al.Notched response of non-crimp fabric thin-ply laminates. Compos Sci Technol2013; 79: 97–114.
8.
ArteiroACatalanottiGXavierJ, et al.Large damage capability of non-crimp fabric thin-ply laminates. Composites Part A2014; 63: 110–122.
9.
AmacherRCugnoniJBotsisJ, et al.Thin ply composites: experimental characterization and modeling of size-effects. Compos Sci Technol2014; 101: 121–132.
10.
GuillametGTuronACostaJ, et al.Damage occurrence at edges of non-crimp-fabric thin-ply laminates under off-axis uniaxial loading. Compos Sci Technol2014; 98: 44–50.
11.
CugnoniJAmacherRKohlerS, et al.Towards aerospace grade thin-ply composites: effect of ply thickness, fibre, matrix and interlayer toughening on strength and damage tolerance. Compos Sci Technol2018; 168: 467–477.
12.
KoppAStappertSMattssonD, et al.The aurora space launcher concept. CEAS Space J2017; 10: 167–187.
13.
BaileyJEParviziA. On fibre debonding effects and the mechanism of transverse-ply failure in cross-ply laminates of glass fibre/thermoset composites. J Mater Sci1981; 16: 649–659.
14.
Krueger R, Shivakumar KN and Raju IS. Fracture mechanics analyses for interface crack problems – a review. In: 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC structures, structural dynamics, and materials conference, Boston, Massachusett, 8–11 April 2013. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
15.
KushchVShmegeraSBrøndstedP, et al.Numerical simulation of progressive debonding in fiber reinforced composite under transverse loading. Int J Eng Sci2011; 49: 17–29.
16.
CanalLPGonzálezCSeguradoJ, et al.Intraply fracture of fiber-reinforced composites: microscopic mechanisms and modeling. Compos Sci Technol2012; 72: 1223–1232.
17.
BouhalaLMakradiABelouettarS, et al.Modelling of failure in long fibres reinforced composites by x-FEM and cohesive zone model. Composites Part B2013; 55: 352–361.
18.
HerráezMMoraDNayaF, et al.Transverse cracking of cross-ply laminates: a computational micromechanics perspective. Compos Sci Technol2015; 110: 196–204.
19.
MantičV. Interface crack onset at a circular cylindrical inclusion under a remote transverse tension. Application of a coupled stress and energy criterion. Int J Solids Struct2009; 46: 1287–1304.
20.
FreedYBanks-SillsL. A new cohesive zone model for mixed mode interface fracture in bimaterials. Eng Fract Mech2008; 75: 4583–4593.
21.
JinZHSunC. Cohesive zone modeling of interface fracture in elastic bi-materials. Eng Fract Mech2005; 72: 1805–1817.
22.
AspLEBerglundLAGudmundsonP. Effects of a composite-like stress state on the fracture of epoxies. Compos Sci Technol1995; 53: 27–37.
23.
PawlakAGaleskiARozanskiA. Cavitation during deformation of semicrystalline polymers. Prog Polym Sci2014; 39: 921–958.
RiceJR. A path independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. J Appl Mech1968; 35: 379.
26.
ToyaM. A crack along the interface of a circular inclusion embedded in an infinite solid. J Mech Phys Solids1974; 22: 325–348.
27.
ParísFCañoJCVarnaJ. The fiber-matrix interface crack — a numerical analysis using boundary elements. Int J Fract1996; 82: 11–29.
28.
ZhuangLPupursAVarnaJ, et al.Effects of inter-fiber spacing on fiber-matrix debond crack growth in unidirectional composites under transverse loading. Composites Part A2018; 109: 463–471.
29.
Muñoz-RejaMTávaraLMantičV, et al.Crack onset and propagation at fibre–matrix elastic interfaces under biaxial loading using finite fracture mechanics. Composites Part A2016; 82: 267–278.
30.
CorreaEMantičVParísF. Effect of thermal residual stresses on matrix failure under transverse tension at micromechanical level: a numerical and experimental analysis. Compos Sci Technol2011; 71: 622–629.
31.
CorreaEParísFMantičV. Effect of the presence of a secondary transverse load on the inter-fibre failure under tension. Eng Fract Mech2013; 103: 174–189.
32.
CorreaEParísFMantičV. Effect of a secondary transverse load on the inter-fibre failure under compression. Composites Part B2014; 65: 57–68.
33.
SandinoCCorreaEParísF. Numerical analysis of the influence of a nearby fibre on the interface crack growth in composites under transverse tensile load. Eng Fract Mech2016; 168: 58–75.
34.
Sandino C, Correa E and París F. Interface crack growth under transverse compression: nearby fibre effect, Athens, Greece, 24–28 June 2018. In: Proceeding of the 18th European conference on composite materials (ECCM-18).
35.
VarnaJZhuangLQPupursA, et al.Growth and interaction of debonds in local clusters of fibers in unidirectional composites during transverse loading. Key Eng Mater2017; 754: 63–66.
36.
VelascoMGracianiETávaraL, et al.BEM multiscale modelling involving micromechanical damage in fibrous composites. Eng Anal Boundary Elem2018; 93: 1–9.
37.
ParísFVelascoMLCorreaE. Micromechanical study on the influence of scale effect in the first stage of damage in composites. Compos Sci Technol2018; 160: 1–8.
38.
Simulia, Providence, RI, USA. ABAQUS/Standard User's Manual, Version 6.12, 2012.
39.
ZhangHEricsonMVarnaJ, et al.Transverse single-fibre test for interfacial debonding in composites: 1. Experimental observations. Composites Part A1997; 28: 309–315.
40.
Di StasioLVarnaJAyadiZ. Energy release rate of the fiber/matrix interface crack in UD composites under transverse loading: effect of the fiber volume fraction and of the distance to the free surface and to non-adjacent debonds. Theor Appl Fract Mech2019; 103: 102251.
41.
TeixeiraRPinhoSRobinsonP. Thickness-dependence of the translaminar fracture toughness: experimental study using thin-ply composites. Composites Part A2016; 90: 33–44.
42.
GarridoJFocesAParisF. B.e.m. applied to receding contact problems with friction. Math Comput Modell1991; 15: 143–153.
43.
KeerLMDundursJTsaiKC. Problems involving a receding contact between a layer and a half space. J Appl Mech1972; 39: 1115.
44.
TsaiKCDundursJKeerLM. Elastic layer pressed against a half space. J Appl Mech1974; 41: 703.
ChristensenRLoK. Solutions for effective shear properties in three phase sphere and cylinder models. J Mech Phys Solids1979; 27: 315–330.
47.
ParísFCorreaEMantičV. Kinking of transversal interface cracks between fiber and matrix. J Appl Mech2007; 74: 703.
48.
VarnaJParísFCCañoJ. The effect of crack-face contact on fiber/matrix debonding in transverse tensile loading. Compos Sci Technol1997; 57: 523–532.
49.
Varna J. 2.10 crack separation based models for microcracking. In: Carl H Zweben and Peter Beaumont (eds) Comprehensive composite materials II. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier, 2018, pp.192–220.