The contributions of the anthropologists towards nation building in the early years after independence of India is still an unexplored research agenda in the social sciences in general and anthropology and sociology in particular. Under this background, an exploration is made in this study to search the contributions of anthropologists towards nation building and it revealed that there were at least five pioneering researches which dealt with the three major challenges confronted by the planners in newly independent India, and the challenges before the nation were famine, resettlement of refugees and industrialisation and big dam building. Apart from methodology, all the five studies have immense contemporary policy relevance.
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