This article examines the clinical and forensic (psycho-legal) aspects of methamphetamine use. The author will describe the clinical and psychiatric effects of the drug on an individual's functioning. Forensic psychological/psychiatric issues including substance-induced psychosis relevant to a not guilty by reason of insanity defense, diminished capacity, and mitigation at capital sentencing will be addressed. Case law pursuant to forensic aspects of methamphetamine use will also be thoroughly explored.
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Ed., Text Revision. Washington, DC
2.
Jur. 2d Criminal law § 155
3.
AndoK.HironakaN.YanagitaT. (1986). Psychotic manifestations in amphetamine abuse-experimental study on the mechanism of psychotic recurrence. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 22(3), 763–767
4.
AnglinM.BurkeC.PerrochetB.StamperE.Dawud-NoursiS. (2000). History of the methamphetamine problem. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32(2), 137–141
5.
BarnettM.E.BrodskyS.L.DavisC.M. (2004). When mitigation evidence makes a difference: Effects of psychological mitigating evidence on sentencing decision in capital trials. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22(6), 751–770
6.
BarnettM.E.BrodskyS.L.PriceR.J. (2007). Differential Impact of Mitigating Evidence in Capital Case Sentencing. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 7(1), 39–45
7.
BatkiS.HarrisD. (2004). Quantitative drug levels in stimulant psychosis: Relationship to symptom severity, catecholamines and hyperkinesias. American Journal of Addictions, 13(5), 461–470
BolesS.MiottoK. (2003). Substance abuse and violence. A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, 155–174
11.
BuffensteinA.CoelM.CombsB. (1997). Functional Neuroimaging of Chronic Crystal Methamphetamine Users. Unpublished grant application. University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine
12.
BurnsK.BecharaA. (2007). Decision Making and Free Will: A Neuroscience Perspective. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 25, 263–280
13.
CatonC.L.SametS.HasinD.S. (2000). When acute-stage psychosis and substance co-occur: Differentiating substance-induced and primary psychotic disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 6(5), 256–266
14.
Carter-YamauchiC. (1998). Drugs, Alcohol And The Insanity Defense: The Debate Over “Settled” Insanity. Legislative Reference Bureau
15.
CartierJ.FarabeeD.PrendergastM. (2006). Methamphetamine use, self-reported violent crime, and Recidivism among offenders in California who abuse substances. Journal of interpersonal violence (21)4, 435–445
16.
Commonwealth vs. Davenport, 494 Pa 532, 431 A. 2d 982 (1981).
17.
Commonwealth vs. Tate, 893 S.W. 2d 368 (Ky. 1995).
18.
CrockerP. (1997). Death worthiness, Differentiating Between Guilt and Punishment in Death Penalty Cases. 66 Fordham Law Review, 21
19.
Eddings vs. Oklahoma. 455 U.S. 104 (1982).
20.
ErnstT.ChangL.Leonido-YeeM.SpeckO. (2000). Evidence for long-term neurotoxicity associated with methamphetamine abuse: A 1H MRS study. Neurology, 54(6), 1344–1349
21.
FischmanM.HaneyM. (1999). Neurobiology of stimulants. In GalanterM.KleberH.D. (Eds.), Textbook of substance abuse treatment, 2nd ed., pp. 21–31. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
22.
GabbardG.O. (1995). Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 2nd ed.Vol. 1. pp. 708–720, American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
23.
GriffithJ.D.CavanaughJ.OatsJ. (1969). Schizophrenic psychosis induced by large dose administration of diamphetaime. Journal of Psychadelic Drugs, 2, 42–48
Hartel-PetriR.RodlerR.SchmeisserU.SteinmannJ.WolfersdorfM. (2005). Increasing prevalence of amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced psychosis. Psychiatric Practice, 32(1), 13–17
26.
HassmanP.E. (1977). Drug Addiction or Related Mental State as Defense to Criminal Charge, 73 A.L.R.3d 16
27.
HuntD.KuckS.TruittL. (2005). Methamphetamine Use: Lessons Learned. Analytic Support Program Contract. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates Inc
28.
IyoM.NishioM.ItohT.FukudaH.SuzukiK.YamasakiT.FukuiS.TatenoY. (1993). Dopamine D2 and serotonin S2 receptors in susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis detected by positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Research, 50(4), 217–231
29.
IyoM.SekineY.MoriN. (2004). Neuromechanism of developing methamphetamine psychosis: A neuroimaging study. Annals New York Academy of Science, 1025, 288–295
30.
JellinekE. (1960). The Disease Concept of Alcoholism. New Haven, CT: College & University Press
31.
KaplanH.SadockB. (1998). Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry8th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
32.
KobayashiH.IdeS.HasegawaJ.UjikeH.SekineY.OzakiN.InadaT.HaranoM.KomiyamaT.YamadaM.IyoM.ShenH.IkedaK.SoraI. (2004). Study of association between alpha-synuclein gene polymorphism and methamphetamine psychosis/dependence. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 1025, 325–334
33.
KostenT.SinghaA. (1999). Stimulants. In GalanterM.KleberH.D. (Eds.), Textbook of substance abuse treatment, 2nd ed., pp. 183–193. Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Press
34.
LinS.BallD.HsiaoC.ChiangY.ReeS.ChenC. (2004). Psychiatric comorbidity and gender differences of persons incarcerated for methamphetamine abuse in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 58(2), 206–212
35.
Lockett vs. Ohio, 438 U.S. 586 (1978).
36.
LondonE.D.SimonS.L.BermanS.M.MandelkernM.A.LichmanA.M.BramenJ.ShinnA.K.MiottoK.LearnJ.DongY.MatochikJ.A.VarugheseK.NewtonT.WoodsR.RawsonR.LingW. (2004). Mood Disturbances and Regional Cerebral Metabolic Abnormalities in Recently Abstinent Methamphetamine Abusers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(1)
MarloweD.B.LambertJ.B.ThompsonR.G. (1999). Voluntary Intoxication and Criminal Responsibility. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 17, 195–217
39.
MiczekK.TideyJ. (1989). Amphetamines: Aggressive and social behavior. NIDAResearch Monograph, 94, 68–100
40.
Model Penal Code 4.01(1) (Official Draft 1962).
41.
MonahanJ.SteadmanH.J.SilverE.ApplebaumP.S.RobbinsP.C.MulveyE.P.RothL.GrissoT.BanksS. (2001). Rethinking risk assessment: The MacArthur study of mental disorder and violence. New York: Oxford University Press
42.
Montana vs. Egelhoff, 518 U.S. 37 (1997).
43.
MurrayJ.B. (1998). Psychophysiological aspects of amphetamine-methamphetamine abuse. Journal of Psychology, 132(2), 227–237
44.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (1990). Alcohol and health: Seventh special report to Congress. Rockville, MD:Author
45.
National Instiute on Drug Abuse (1998). Methamphetamine abuse alert. NIDA Notes, 13(6)
46.
OhgakeS.HashimotoK.ShimizuE.KoizumiH.OkamuraN.KoikeK.MatsuzawaD.SekineY.InadaT.OzakiN.IwataN.HaranoM.KomiyamaT.YamadaM.SoraI.UjikeH.ShirayamaY.IyoM. (2005). Functional polymorphism of the NQ02 gene is associated with Methamphetamine psychosis. Addiction Biology, 10(2), 145–148
47.
Ohio Revised Code O.R.C. 2929.04 (B).
48.
People vs. Free, 447 N.E. 2d 218 (1983).
49.
People vs. Kelly, 10 Cal. 3d 565, 516 P.2d 875 (1973).
RayO.KsirC. (2002). Drugs Society and Human Behavior, 9th ed.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
56.
ReissA.RothJ. (1993). Alcohol, other psychoactive drugs and violence. In ReissA.J.RothJ.A. (Eds.), Understanding and preventing violence (pp. 182–220). Washington, DC: National Academy Press
57.
RothJ. (1994). Psychoactive substance and violence. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs (February)
58.
SatoM.ChenC.C.AkiyamaK.OtsukiS. (1983). Acute exacerbation of paranoid psychotic state after long-term abstinence in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis. Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 18(4): 429–440
59.
SatoM. (1992). A lasting vulnerability to psychosis in patients with previous methamphetamine psychosis. Annals New York Academy of Science, 28: 160–170
60.
SatoM.NumachiY.HamamuraT. (1992). Relapse of paranoid psychotic state in methamphetamine model of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 18(1): 115–122
61.
SekineY.MinabeY.KawaiM.SuzukiK.IyoM.IsodaH.SakaharaH.AshbyC.TakeiN.MoriN. (2002). Metabolite alterations in basal ganglia associated with methamphetamine-related psychiatric symptoms. A proton MRA study. Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(30): 453–461
62.
SrisurapanontM.AliR.MarsdenJ.SungaA.WadaK.MonteiroM. (2003). Psychotic symptoms in m psychotic inpatients. International journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 6(4), 347–352
63.
State vs. Baldwin, 330 N.C. 446 (1992).
64.
State vs. Harden, 260 Kan. 365 (1971).
65.
State vs. Hartfield, 300 S.C. 469, 388 S.E. 2d 802 (1989).
66.
State vs. Hartfield, 300 S.C. 469; 388 S.E. 2d 802 (1990).
67.
State vs. Keeton, 166 W.Va. 77, 272 S.E. 2d 817 (1980).
68.
State vs. Maik, 287 A. 2d 715 (1972).
69.
State vs. Scales, N.C. App. 509 (1976).
70.
State vs. Shank, 322 N.C. 243 (1988).
71.
State vs. Silvers, 323 N.C. 646 (1989).
72.
Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee of the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 104th Congress, First Session, October 26, 1995 (Ser. No. 49), Rising Scourge of Methamphetamine in America
73.
SwansonJ.W. (1994). Mental disorder, substance abuse, and community violence: An epidemiological approach. In MonahanJ.SteadmanH.J. (Eds.), Violence and Mental Disorder: Developments in Risk Assessment (pp. 101–136). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
74.
ThompsonP.M.HayashiK.M.SimonS.L.GeagaJ.A.HongM.S.SuiY.LeeJ.Y.TogaA.W.LingW.LondonE.D. (2004). Structural Abnormalities in the Brains of Human Subjects who use Methamphetamine. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24(26), 6028–6036
75.
UjikeH.HaranoM.InadaT.YamadaM.KomiyamaT.SekineY.SoraI.IyoM.KatsuT.NomuraA.NakataK.OzakiN. (2003). Nine-or fewer repeat alleles in VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene is a strong risk factor for prolonged m psychosis. Pharmacogenomics Journal, 3(4), 242–247
Watson vs. United States. 141 App. D.C. 335 (1970).
82.
WolkoffD.A. (1997). Methamphetamine abuse: An overview for health care professionals. Journal of Medicine, 56(2): 34–6, 44
83.
Woodson vs. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 (1976).
84.
YehH.LeeY.SunH.WanS. (2001). Six months follow-up of patients with methamphetamine psychosis. Zlionghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei), 64(7), 388–394
85.
YudkoE.HallH.McPhersonS.TwemlowS. (2003). Physiology. In YudkoE.HallH.McPhersonS. Eds. Methamphetamine Use Clinical and Forensic Aspects. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
86.
YudkoE.Murray-BridgesS.Watson-HauanioS. (2003). History of Methamphetamine. In YudkoE.HallH.McPhersonS. Eds. Methamphetamine Use Clinical and Forensic Aspects. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
87.
YuiK.GotoK.IkemotoS.NishijimaK.YoshinoT.IshiguroT. (2001). Susceptibility to subsequent episodes of spontaneous recurrence of m psychosis. Drug Alcohol Dependence, 64(2), 133–142
88.
YuiK.GotoK.IkemotoS.IshiguroT. (1997). Methamphetamine psychosis: Spontaneous Recurrence of paranoid-hallucinatory states and monoamine neurotransmitter function. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17(1): 34–43
89.
YuiK.GotoK.IkemotoS. (2004). The role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic hyperactivity in the development of spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis and susceptibility to episode recurrence. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 1025, 296–306
90.
YuiK.IkemotoS.GotoK. (2002). Factors for susceptibility to episode recurrence in spontaneous recurrence of m psychosis. Annals of New York Academy of Science, 965, 292–304
91.
YuiK.IkemotoS.GotoK.NishijimaK.KatoS. (2003). Susceptibility to episode recurrence in spontaneous recurrence of methamphetamine psychosis. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 23(5), 525–528