Among Latin American countries Mexico is a model of neoliberalism's environmental promise and pitfalls. Since entering the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it has undertaken extensive environmental reforms predicated on export-intensive industrialization and the growth of urban society. An examination of these reforms, their background and statutory changes, policy measures, and international commitments made in this area since NAFTA took effect provokes serious concern over their adequacy as the American nations ponder the costs and benefits of deeper enmeshment in hemispheric trade integration.