The humanist dimension of revolutionary Cuban society owes much to the thinking and action of Che Guevara, a principal architect of the Cuban Revolution. Examination of Che's association with the humanist tradition of revolutionary thought and, in particular, the ideas of Martí and Marx reveals his resolute devotion to moral standards and human values (as promoted by José Martí) and a revolutionary “theoretical response” to defeating human alienation, oppression, exploitation, and inequality (as advanced by the Marxist tradition). Through his contributions, revolutionary Cuban society embraced a distinctively humanistic ethos despite the efforts of others to imbue it with a dogmatic, cold scholasticism. While some political doctrines have changed since his death, fundamental socialist tenets prevail in Cuba to this day.
Anderson, Jon Lee1997Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. London: Bantam Books.
2.
Betto, Frei1986Fidel and Religion. Sydney: Pathfinder Press.
3.
Brock, Lisa and O. Cunningham1991 "Race and the Cuban Revolution: a critique of Carlos Moore's `Castro, the blacks, and Africa.'" University of Pittsburgh Cuban Studies21. http://www.afrocubaweb.com/brock2.htm.
4.
Castro, Fidel2002War, Racism, and Economic Injustice: The Global Ravages of Capitalism. Ed. Alexandra Keeble.Havana and Melbourne: Editora Política/Ocean Press.
5.
Cheeka, Didi2005 "Hunger in Nigeria: `the price of forgiveness.' " In Defense of Marxism. http://www.marxist.com/hunger-in-nigeria081205-2.htm .
6.
Clark, Steve and J. Barnes1997 "Che Guevara and Marxist continuity." The Militant61(34). http://www.themilitant.com/1997/6134/6134_41.html .
7.
Cuban Ministry of Culture2004 " Cuban cultural policy." Revised edition. Havana: Editora Política. http://lacult.org.lacult-en/docc/politcult-cuba .
8.
Deutschmann, David (ed.) 2003Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
9.
Díaz, Nidia2008 "Clinical death for OAS." Granma International , April 27.
10.
Dominguez, Jorge I.1979Cuba: Order and Revolution. Cambridge : Belknap Press.
1990The Ideology of the Aesthetic. Oxford: Blackwell.
13.
Engels, Frederick1961 "Karl Marx's funeral," in Eric Fromm (ed.), Marx's Concept of Man. New York: Frederick Ungar.
14.
Fromm, Erich (ed.) 1961Marx's Concept of Man. New York: Frederick Ungar.
15.
González, David2004 "Bases of Cuba's policy for Africa: a Cuban approach ." UNISA Latin American Report20(2): 46-53.
16.
Guevara, Ernesto2003a (1959) "Social ideals of the rebel army," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne : Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
17.
2003 b (1960) "Political sovereignty," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/Ocean Press .
18.
2003 c (1960) "Speech to medical students and health workers," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara / Ocean Press.
19.
2003 d (1960) "Notes for the study of the ideology of the Cuban Revolution," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution . Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/Ocean Press.
20.
2003 e (1961) "The OAS conference at Punta del Este ," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
21.
2003 f (1962) "A new culture of work," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/Ocean Press .
22.
2003 g (1962) "To be a young communist," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/Ocean Press .
23.
2003 h (1963) "Guerrilla warfare: a method," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne : Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
24.
2003 i (1963) "A party of the working class," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne : Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
25.
2003 j (1964) "The philosophy of plunder must cease ," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
26.
2003 k (1964) "At the United Nations," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/Ocean Press .
27.
2003 l (1965) "Socialism and man in Cuba," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne : Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
28.
2003 m (1965) "At the Afro-Asian conference in Algeria ," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne: Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
29.
2003 n (1967) "Create two, three, many Vietnams," in David Deutschmann (ed.), Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics and Revolution. Melbourne : Centro de Estudios Che Guevara/ Ocean Press.
30.
Hart, Celia2005 "Cuba/Marxism: welcome Trotsky." International Viewpoint 4(372). http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article898&var_recherche=Celia%20Hart.
31.
Hart Dávalos, Armando1997 "Che: the lasting validity of a myth." Cuba Tricontinental. http://www.members.tripod.com/skourikhin/cheengl.htm .
32.
2000 "Che Guevara talks to young people." The Militant64(5). http://www.themilitant.com/2000/6405/640560.html
33.
Ibarra, Jorge1986 "Martí and socialism," in Christopher Abel and N. Torrents (eds.), José Martí: Revolutionary Democrat. London : Athlone Press.
34.
Journalists' Union of Cuba2006 " Journalists condemn U.S. economic and media war." Granma International , 41(44).
35.
Karol, K.S.1970Guerrillas in Power: The Course of the Cuban Revolution . New York: Hill and Wang.
36.
Kazeem, Ola2008 "Global food crisis: any way out for Nigeria?" In Defense of Marxism, June 4. http://www.marxist.com/food-crisis-any-way-out-for-nigeria.htm .
37.
Kirk, John M.1986 "José Martí and his concept of the intellectual comprometido ," in Christopher Abel and N. Torrents (eds.), José Martí: Revolutionary Democrat. London: Athlone Press .
38.
Kowalewski, Zbigniew Marcin2005 "Socialist revolution and Latin American unity." International Viewpoint4(366). http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article763
39.
Kronenberg, Clive2005 "The Cuban model and culture in South Africa: arguments and lessons." MS, South Africa-Poland Symposium, University of Cape Town .
40.
2007 a "Manifestations of humanism in Cuban history, politics, and culture," Ph.D. diss., University of Cape Town.
41.
2007b "The life and ideas of a universal thinker-José Martí ." UNISA Latin American Report23(1&2): 41-60.
42.
2008a "Culture, nation, and social cohesion: a scrutiny of revolutionary Cuba." Critical Arts22(1): 49-68.
43.
2008 b "Unity in diversity vs. diverse people unite: a critical commentary on culture in the new South Africa." MS prepared for the Education Sector, National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers , Cape Town.
44.
Lafargue, Paul1961 "Reminiscences of Marx," in Eric Fromm (ed.), Marx's Concept of Man. New York: Frederick Ungar.
45.
Löwy, Michael1997 "Che Guevara: the spark that does not die." International Viewpoint4(291). http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php .
46.
2003 "Neither imitation nor copy: Che Guevara in search of a new socialism." International Viewpoint4(347). http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php .
47.
Martí, José1999a (1873) "The Spanish republic and the Cuban Revolution," in Deborah Shnookal and M. Muñiz (eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas. Melbourne: Ocean Press.
48.
1999 b (1889) "Mother America," in Deborah Shnookal and M. Muñiz (eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas . Melbourne: Ocean Press.
49.
1999 c (1891) "Our America," in Deborah Shnookal and M. Muñiz (eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas . Melbourne: Ocean Press.
50.
1999 d (1893) "My race," in Deborah Shnookal and M. Muñiz (eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas. Melbourne: Ocean Press.
51.
1999 e (1893) "Simón Bolívar," in Deborah Shnookal and M. Muñiz (eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas . Melbourne: Ocean Press.
52.
1999 f (1894) "The truth about the United States," in Deborah Shnookal and M. Muñiz (eds.), José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas . Melbourne: Ocean Press.
53.
Marx, Karl1961 "German ideology," in Eric Fromm (ed.), Marx's Concept of Man. New York: Frederick Ungar.
54.
McLaren, Peter2001 "Che Guevara, Paulo Freire, and the politics of hope: reclaiming critical pedagogy." Cultural Studies↔Critical Methodologies1(1): 108-131.
55.
Morejón, Nancy1993 (1982) "Race and nation," in Pedro Pérez Sarduy and J. Stubbs (eds.), Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics, and Culture. New York: Center for Cuban Studies/ Ocean Press.
56.
Othieno, Timothy2005 "Cuba's foreign policy in Angola." UNISA Latin American Report21(2): 40-55.
57.
PAHO (Pan American Health Organisation)2008 "Country health profile: Cuba." http://www.paho.org/english/sha/prflcub.htm .
58.
Paton, H.J.1947The Categorical Imperative: A Study in Kant's Moral Philosophy . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
59.
Pérez, Alberto D.2008 "UNESCO issues new report: Cuba still leading region in Education for All." Granma International, May 4.
60.
Pérez Sarduy, Pedro and J. Stubbs (eds.) 1993Afrocuba: An Anthology of Cuban Writing on Race, Politics, and Culture. New York : Center for Cuban Studies/ Ocean Press.
61.
Pogolotti, Graziella1998 "We are defending our culture of emancipation." Interview by Martín Koppel and Mary-Alice Waters with theatre critic and leader of the Union of Cuban Writers and Artists. The Militant62(44). http://www.militant.org.uk/index.html .
62.
Robinson, Randall1999 "Cuba report." TransAfrica Forum . http://www.apc.org.
63.
Rose, Peter2001 " Che Guevara at Punte Del Este." MS, MiamiUniversity of Ohio.
64.
Said, Edward1978Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan.
65.
Sartre, Jean-Paul2001Colonialism and Neocolonialism. Trans. Azzedome Haddour, Steve Brewer, and Terry McWilliams. London: Routledge .
66.
Schacht, Richard1988 "Marxism, normative theory, and alienation," in Cary Nelson and L. Grossberg (eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Carbondale: University of Illinois Press.
67.
Shnookal, Deborah and M. Muñiz (eds.) 1999José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas. Melbourne: Ocean Press.
68.
Unesco2008 "Education in Cuba/Latin America and the Caribbean: general information." http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco.
