The social intelligence (SI) literature has grown significantly in recent years; yet it remains highly variegated. This article identifies the intellectual structure, publishing pattern, dimensions and sub-dimension/options of the existing literature on SI. Bibliometric and morphological analyses were used. Bibliometric analysis utilized VOSviewer. Based on an extensive literature review, a framework describing SI literature dimensions and alternatives was created. The bibliometric research gives information on top authors, organizations and nations, as well as notable papers and popular themes. Morphological analysis estimates 7 dimensions and 25 options to determine research gaps. Future SI researchers may find this article insightful.
AppioF. P., CesaroniF., & Di MininA. (2014). Visualizing the structure and bridges of the intellectual property management and strategy literature: A document co-citation analysis. Scientometrics, 101, 623–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-014-1329-0
2.
ArghodeV. (2013). Emotional and social intelligence competence: Implications for instruction. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 8(2), 66–77.
3.
AshkanasyN. M., & DausC. S. (2005). Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 441–452.
4.
BoalK. B., & HooijbergR. (2000). Strategic leadership research: Moving on. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), 515–549.
5.
BoyatzisR. E. (2007). Developing emotional intelligence competencies. In CiarrochiJ. & MayerJ. D. (Eds), Applying emotional intelligence: A practitioner’s guide (pp. 28–52). Psychology Press.
6.
BoyatzisR. E. (2019). Leadership intelligence. In SternbergR. J. (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 802–819). Cambridge University Press.
7.
BoyatzisR. E., GoodD., & MassaR. (2012). Emotional, social, and cognitive intelligence and personality as predictors of sales leadership performance. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 19(2) 191–201.
8.
BoyatzisR. E., GaskinJ., & WeiH. (2015). Emotional and social intelligence and behavior. In GoldsteinS., Princiotta NaglieriD. & NaglieriJ. (Eds), Handbook of intelligence (pp. 243–262). Springer.
9.
BroomM. E. (1928). A note on the validity of a test of social intelligence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(4), 426–428.
10.
BrownL. T., & AnthonyR. G. (1990). Continuing the search for social intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 11(5), 463–470.
11.
BrownM. I., RatajskaA., HughesS. L., FishmanJ. B., HuertaE., & ChabrisC. F. (2019). The social shapes test: A new measure of social intelligence, mentalizing, and theory of mind. Personality and Individual Differences, 143, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.035
12.
CantorN., & HarlowR. E. (1994). Personality, strategic behaviour, and daily-life problem solving. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3(6), 169–172.
13.
CantorN., & KihlstromJ. F. (2000). Social intelligence. In SternbergR. J. (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 359–379). Cambridge University Press.
14.
CastriottaM., LoiM., MarkuE., & NaitanaL. (2019). What’s in a name? Exploring the conceptual structure of emerging organizations. Scientometrics, 118(2), 407–437.
15.
CisnerosL., IbanescuM., KeenC., Lobato-CallerosO., & Niebla-ZatarainJ. (2018). Bibliometric study of family business succession between 1939 and 2017: Mapping and analysing authors’ networks. Scientometrics, 117, 919–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2889-1
16.
CroninB., & SugimotoC. R. (2014). Beyond bibliometrics: Harnessing multidimensional indicators of scholarly impact. MIT Press.
17.
CrowneD. P., & MarloweD. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–367.
18.
CrowneK. A. (2009). The relationships among social intelligence, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence. Organization Management Journal, 6(3), 148–163.
19.
D’haeneI. (2015). The influence of social intelligence on imitation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universiteit Gent].
20.
DemetriouG., & PapageorgiouG. (2020). Individual learning capability and its association to organisational learning. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 17(2), 145–164.
21.
DingY., & CroninB. (2011). Popular and/or prestigious? Measures of scholarly esteem. Information Processing & Management, 47(1), 80–96.
22.
DonthuN., KumarS., MukherjeeD., PandeyN., & LimW. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
23.
ĚerekoviæA. (2014). An insight into multimodal databases for social signal processing: Acquisition, efforts, and directions. Artificial Intelligence Review, 42, 663–692.
24.
EmmerlingR. J., & BoyatzisR. E. (2012). Emotional and social intelligence competencies: cross cultural implications. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 4–18.
25.
FeistG. J., & BarronF. (1996, June29–July2). Emotional intelligence and academic intelligence in career and life success [Paper presentation]. Annual Convention of the American Psychological Society, San Francisco, USA.
26.
FordM. (1982). Competence: Current conceptual and empirical status and implications for mental health [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Education, Stanford University.
27.
FordM. E. (1983, August26–30). The nature of social intelligence: Processes and outcomes [Paper presentation]. Annual Convention of American Psychological Association, California, CA, USA.
28.
FordM. E., & TisakM. S. (1983). A further search for social intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(2), 196–206.
29.
FrankovskýM., BirknerováZ., LuciaZ., KumarA., & MarwahN. (2019). Social intelligence in the cultural context: Comparison of Indian and Slovak managers. Organizational Psychology, 9(3), 8–19.
30.
FrederiksenN. (1984). The real test bias: Influences of testing on teaching and learning. American Psychologist, 39(3), 193–202.
31.
GargN., & GeraS. (2020). Gratitude and leadership in higher education institutions: Exploring the mediating role of social intelligence among teachers. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 12(5), 915–926.
32.
GolemanD. (2001). Emotional intelligence: Perspectives on a theory of performance. In ChernissC. & GolemanD. (Eds), The emotionally intelligent workplace (pp. 27–44). Jossey Bass.
33.
GolemanD. (2007). Social intelligence. Random house.
34.
GolemanD., & BoyatzisR. (2008). Social intelligence and the biology of leadership. Harvard Business Review, 86(9), 74–81.
35.
GolemanD., & BoyatzisR. (2017). Emotional intelligence has 12 elements. Which do you need to work on. Harvard Business Review, 84(2), 1–5.
36.
GoswamiM. (2019, September13–14). Assessing the factor structure of Tromso Social Intelligence Scale in Indian cultural context [Paper presentation]. Conference on Advancements in Computing & Management (ICACM), Jaipur, India.
37.
GuilfordJ. P. (1956). The structure of intellect. Psychological Bulletin, 53(4), 267–293.
38.
GullifordL., MorganB., HemmingE., & AbbottJ. (2019). Gratitude, self-monitoring and social intelligence: A prosocial relationship. Current Psychology, 38(4), 1021–1032.
39.
HarrysonM., MetayerE., & SarrazinH. (2012). How social media can guide decisions. McKinsey Quarterly, 1–9.
40.
HoepfnerR., & O’SullivanM. (1968). Social intelligence and IQ. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 28(2), 339–344.
41.
HopkinsM. M., & BilimoriaD. (2008). Social and emotional competencies predicting success for male and female executives. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 13–35.
42.
HughesM., & AlbinoJ. (2017). Assessing emotional and social intelligence for building effective hospital teams. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 20(4), 208–221.
43.
HuntT. (1928). The measurement of social intelligence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(3), 317–334.
44.
JobX., KirschL., InardS., ArnoldG., & AuvrayM. (2021). Spatial perspective taking is related to social intelligence and attachment style. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 109726. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. PAID.2019.109726
45.
KaukiainenA., BjörkqvistK., LagerspetzK., ÖstermanK., SalmivalliC., RothbergS., & AhlbomA. (1999). The relationships between social intelligence, empathy, and three types of aggression. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 25(2), 81–89.
46.
KatouA. A., BudhwarP. S., & PatelC. (2021). A trilogy of organizational ambidexterity: Leader’s social intelligence, employee work engagement and environmental changes. Journal of Business Research, 128, 688–700.
47.
KongE. (2015). A qualitative analysis of social intelligence in nonprofit organizations: External knowledge acquisition for human capital development, organizational learning and innovation. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 13(4), 463–474.
48.
KosmitzkiC., & JohnO. P. (1993). The implicit use of explicit conceptions of social intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(1), 11–23.
49.
KumarJ. A., & GaneshL. S. (2009). Research on knowledge transfer in organizations: A morphology. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(4), 161–174.
50.
KuroshimaH., KuwahataH., & FujitaK. (2008) Learning from others’ mistakes in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Animal Cognition, 11(4), 599–609.
51.
LatheshK. R., & VidyaD. A. (2018). A study on social intelligence and its impact on employee performance of insurance sectors in Mysuru city. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 530–537.
52.
LeavensD. A., BardK. A., & HopkinsW. D. (2019). The mismeasure of ape social cognition. Animal Cognition, 22(4), 487–504.
53.
LiuH., & BoyatzisR. E. (2021). Focusing on resilience and renewal from stress: The role of emotional and social intelligence competencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.685829
54.
LiuW., TangL., GuM., & HuG. (2015). Feature report on China: A bibliometric analysis of China-related articles. Scientometrics, 102, 503–517.
55.
MarloweH. A. (1986). Social intelligence: Evidence for multidimensionality and construct independence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(1), 52–58.
56.
MayerJ. D., CarusoD. R., & SaloveyP. (2016). The ability model of emotional intelligence: Principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290–300.
57.
MayerJ. D., & SaloveyP. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied and preventive psychology, 4(3), 197–208.
58.
MintzbergH. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Prentice-Hall.
59.
MintzbergH. (1985). The organization as political arena. Journal of Management Studies, 22(2), 133–154.
60.
MoherD., LiberatiA., TetzlaffJ., AltmanD. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement (Chinese edition). Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 7(9), 889–896.
61.
MossF. A., & HuntT. (1927). Are you socially intelligent?Scientific American, 137(2), 108–110.
62.
MossF. A., HuntK. T., OmwakeK. T., & WoodwardL. G. (1955). Manual for the George Washington University series: Social intelligence test. The Center for Psychological Service.
63.
NjorogeC. N., & YazdanifardR. (2014). The impact of social and emotional intelligence on employee motivation in a multigenerational workplace. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(4), 163–208.
64.
PereiraG., PradaR., & SantosP. A. (2016). Integrating social power into the decision-making of cognitive agents. Artificial Intelligence, 241(C), 1–44.
65.
PéronF., Rat-FischerL., LalotM., NagleL., & BovetD. (2011). Cooperative problem solving in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). Animal Cognition, 14(4), 545–553.
66.
PetridesK. V., VernonP. A., SchermerJ. A., & VeselkaL. (2011). Trait emotional intelligence and the dark triad traits of personality. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 14(1), 35–41.
67.
PradaR., & PaivaA. (2009). Teaming up humans with autonomous synthetic characters. Artificial Intelligence, 173(1), 80–103.
68.
RahimM. A. (2014). A structural equations model of leaders’ social intelligence and creative performance. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(1), 44–56.
69.
RahimA., CivelekI., & LiangF. H. (2018). A process model of social intelligence and problem-solving style for conflict management. International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(4), 487–499.
70.
RatajskaA., GlanzB. I., ChitnisT., WeinerH. L., & HealyB. C. (2020). Social support in multiple sclerosis: Associations with quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 138, 1–22.
71.
RiggioR. E. (1986). Assessment of basic social skills. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(3), 649–660.
72.
RitcheyT. (2013). Wicked problems: Modelling social messes with morphological analysis. Acta Morphologica Generalis, 2(1), 1–8.
73.
SamsonovichA. V. (2020). Socially emotional brain-inspired cognitive architecture framework for artificial intelligence. Cognitive Systems Research, 60, 57–76.
74.
SealC. R., BoyatzisR. E. & BaileyJ. R. (2006). Fostering emotional and social intelligence in organizations. Organization Management Journal, 3(3), 190–209.
75.
ShaferA. B. (1999). Relation of the Big Five and Factor V subcomponents to social intelligence. European Journal of Personality, 13(3), 225–240.
76.
SilveraD. H., MartinussenM., & DahlT. I. (2001). The Tromsø Social Intelligence Scale, a self-report measure of social intelligence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(4), 313–319.
77.
SosikJ. J., GentryW. A., & ChunJ. U. (2012). The value of virtue in the upper echelons: A multisource examination of executive character strengths and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 367–382.
78.
SpeerA. B., ChristiansenN. D., & LaginessA. J. (2019). Social intelligence and interview accuracy: Individual differences in the ability to construct interviews and rate accurately. InternationalJournal of Selection and Assessment, 27(2), 104–128.
79.
StoneM., & WoodcockN. (2013). Social intelligence in customer engagement. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(5), 394–401.
80.
ThorndikeE. L. (1920). Intelligence examinations for college entrance. The Journal of Educational Research, 1(5), 329–337.
81.
ThorndikeR. L., & SteinS. (1937). An evaluation of the attempts to measure social intelligence. Psychological Bulletin, 34(5), 275–285.
82.
TranfieldD., DenyerD., & SmartP. (2003) Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222.
83.
TweedR. G., Biswas-DienerR., & LehmanD. R. (2012). Self-perceived strengths among people who are homeless. Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(6), 481–492.
84.
Van EckN. J., & WaltmanL. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111, 1053–1070.
85.
VernonP. E. (1933). Some characteristics of the good judge of personality. The Journal of Social Psychology, 4(1), 42–57.
86.
VertiloV., & GibsonJ. M. (2014). Influence of character strengths on mental health stigma. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(3), 266–275.
87.
WawraD. (2009). Social intelligence: The key to intercultural communication. European Journal of English Studies, 13(2), 163–177.
88.
WedeckJ. (1947). The relationship between personality and psychological ability. British Journal of Psychology, 37(3), 133–151.
89.
WegnerD. M., & GiulianoT. (1982). The forms of social awareness. In IckesW. & KnowlesE. S. (Eds), Personality, roles, and social behaviour (pp.165–198), Springer.
90.
WeinsteinE. A. (1969). The development of interpersonal competence. In GoslinD. A. (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research (pp. 753–775). Rand McNally.
91.
WeisS., & SüßH. M. (2007) Reviving the search for social intelligence: A multitrait-multimethod study of its structure and construct validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(1), 3–14.
92.
WongC. M. T., DayJ. D., MaxwellS. E., & MearaN. M. (1995). A multitrait-multimethod study of academic and social intelligence in college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(1), 117–133.
93.
XuX., ChenX., JiaF., BrownS., GongY., & XuY. (2018). Supply chain finance: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 204, 160–173.
94.
ZaccaroS. J. (2001). Organizational leadership and social intelligence. In RiggoR. E., MurphyS. E. & PirozzoloF. J. (Eds), Multiple intelligences and leadership (pp. 42–68). Psychology Press.
95.
ZaccaroS. J., GilbertJ. A., ThorK. K., & MumfordM. D. (1991). Leadership and social intelligence: Linking social perspectiveness and behavioral flexibility to leader effectiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 2(4), 317–342.
96.
ZorziniM., HendryL. C., HuqF. A., & StevensonM. (2015). Socially responsible sourcing: Reviewing the literature and its use of theory. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 35(1), 60–109.
