Abstract
Although previous studies have shown that overall psychological need frustration predicts depressive symptoms in adolescents, it is still uncertain whether this applies to the specific components—autonomy, relatedness, and competence frustration—and whether depressive symptoms, in turn, predict these components. Therefore, this study conducted a three-wave longitudinal survey and employed random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) to examine the bidirectional within-person associations between autonomy, relatedness, and competence frustration and adolescent depressive symptoms. Additionally, potential sex and developmental stage differences were explored. A total of 3,188 adolescents from Sichuan, China, participated in the study (
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