This commentary argues that the OET research raises inescapable contradictions in trying to separate “language” from “communication” within a weak performance test and advocates for reconceptualizing the legitimate domain of “language” more widely, reclaiming the full potential of the communicative competence framework.
Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). (2015). English language skills registration standard: Consultation Report. Melbourne, Australia: AHPRA.
2.
BachmanL. F. (1990). Fundamental considerations of language testing. New York: Oxford University Press.
3.
BachmanL. F. (2002). Some reflections on task-based language performance assessment. Language Testing19(4), 453–476. doi:10.1191/0265532202lt240oa
4.
BrownH. Douglas. (1994), Principles of language learning and teaching (3rd. ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
5.
ByrnesH. (2008). Assessing content and language. In ShohamyE.HornbergerN. H. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education, Vol. 7: Language testing and assessment (2nd ed., pp. 37–52). #2008 Springer Science+Business Media LLC.
6.
CanaleM. (1983). From communicative competence to language pedagogy. In RichardsJ. C.SchmidtR. W. (Eds.), Language and communication (pp. 2–28). London: Longman.
7.
CanaleM.SwainM. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics, 1, 1–47.
8.
DaviesA. (2004). The native speaker in applied linguistics. In DaviesA.ElderC. (Eds.), The handbook of applied linguistics (pp. 431–50). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
9.
DouglasD. (2000). Assessing languages for specific purposes. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10.
DuBoisJ. (1980). Beyond definiteness: The trace of identity in discourse. In ChafeW. (Ed.), The pear stories (pp. 203–274). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
11.
DweckC. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York: Random House.
12.
GeeJ. P. (1991). Social linguistics and literacies. New York: Routledge.
13.
General Medical Council. (2015, June4). GMC Council approves development of UK Medical Licensing Assessment. Retrieved from http://www.gmc-uk.org/news/26549.asp.
14.
GoffmanE. (1981). Footing. In Forms of talk (pp.124–159). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
15.
HoekjeB. (2006). Medical discourse and ESP courses for international medical graduates (IMGs). English for Specific Purposes, 26, 327–343.
16.
HymesD. H. (1972). On communicative competence. In PrideJ. B.HolmesJ. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics (pp. 269–293). London: Penguin.
17.
HymesD. H. (1974). Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
18.
JacobyS.McNamaraT. (1999). Locating competence. English for Specific Purposes, 18(3), 213–241.
19.
JacobyS.OchsE. (1995). Co-construction: An introduction. In JacobyS.OchsE. (Eds.), Co-construction. Special issue of research on language and social interaction, 28(3), 171–183.
20.
JamiesonJ.EignorD.GrabeW.KunnanA. J. (2008). Frameworks for a new TOEFL. In ChappelleC.EnrightM. K.JamiesonJ. (Eds.), Building a validity argument for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (pp. 55–95). New York: Routledge.
21.
KachruB. (1986). The alchemy of English. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
22.
KramschC. (2006). From communicative competence to symbolic competence. Modern Language Journal, 90(2), 249–252.
23.
KramschC. (2014). Teaching foreign languages in an era of globalization: Introduction. The Modern Language Journal, 98(1), 296–311.
24.
MayL. (2011). Interaction in a paired speaking test: The rater’s perspective. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
25.
McNamaraT. (1996). Measuring second language performance. New York: Longman.
26.
McNamaraT. (1997). ‘Interaction’ in second language performance: Whose performance?Applied Linguistics, 18(4), 446–466.
27.
McNeillD. (2005). Gesture and thought. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
28.
MessickS. (1994). The interplay of evidence and consequences in the validation of performance assessments. Educational Researcher, 23(2), 13–23.
29.
NewmeyerF. (1986). The Politics of Linguistics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
30.
Omaggio HadleyA. (1993). Teaching language in context. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.
31.
ParkJ. S.-Y.WeeL. (2009). The three circles redux: A market-theoretic perspective on world Englishes. Applied Linguistics, 30(3), 389–406. doi:10.1093/applin/amp008
32.
SavignonS. (1983). Communicative competence: Theory and classroom practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
33.
SpolskyB. (1985). The limits of authenticity in language testing. Language Testing, 2(1), 31–40.
34.
TurnerJ. (2010). Language in the academy. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
35.
WiddowsonH. (1978). Teaching Language as communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36.
XiX. (2007). Validating TOEFL iBT Speaking and setting score requirements for ITA screening. Language Assessment Quarterly, 4(4), 318–351.
37.
YoungR.HeA. (Eds.). (1998). Talking and testing: Discourse approaches to the assessment of oral proficiency. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.