Calls from the climate change community and a more widespread concern for human security have reawakened the interest of geographers and others in disaster politics. A legacy of geographical research on the political causes and consequences of disaster is reviewed and built on to formulate a framework for the analysis of post-disaster political space. This is constructed around the notion of a contested social contract. The Marmara earthquake, Turkey, is used to illustrate the framework and provide empirical detail on the multiple scales and time phasing of post-disaster political change. Priorities for a future research agenda in disaster politics are proposed.
Africa Research Bulletin2004: Earthquake anger. Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series41(2), 15,645-46.
2.
Albala-Bertrand, J.M.1993: Political economy of large natural disasters: with special reference to developing countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3.
Anand, P.B. and Gasper, D.2007: Guest editorial: conceptual framework and overview, special issue on human security, well-being and sustainability: rights, responsibilities and priorities. Journal of International Development19, 449-56.
4.
Barnett, J. and Adger, W.N.2007: Climate change, human security and violent conflict. Political Geography26, 639-55.
5.
Birkmann, J., editor 2006: Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards. New York: UNU Press.
6.
Booth, K.1991: Security and emancipation. Review of International Studies17, 313-26.
7.
Cohen, C. and Werker, E.D.2006: The political economy of ‘natural’ disasters . Unpublished manuscript, Department of Economics, Cambridge, and Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
8.
Cuny, F.1983: Disasters and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9.
Davis, M. and Seitz, S.T.1982: Disasters and governments. The Journal of Conflict Resolution26, 547-68.
10.
Devereux, S. and Maxwell, S., editors 2001: Food security in sub-Saharan Africa. London: ITDG Publishing .
11.
Drury, A.C. and Olson, R.S.1998: Disasters and political unrest: an empirical investigation . Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management6, 153-61.
12.
Duffield, M.2007: Development, security and unending war: governing the world of peoples. Cambridge: Polity Press.
13.
Escobar, A.1995: Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
14.
Gaillard, J.C., Clavé, E. and Kelman, I.2008: Wave of peace? Tsunami disaster diplomacy in Aceh, Indonesia . Geoforum39, 511-26.
15.
Giddens, A.1984: The construction of society: outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
16.
Heper, M.1994: Politics of the third Turkish Republic. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
17.
Hewitt, K.1983: The idea of calamity in a technocratic age. In Hewitt, K., editor, Interpretations of calamity , London: Allen and Unwin, 3-32.
18.
Hirshleifer, J.1995: Anarchy and its breakdown. Journal of Political Economy103, 26-52.
19.
Hockstader, L.1999: Turkish quake has political aftershocks; Islamic movement’s relief effort upstages and upsets government. The Washington Post 27 August, A19.
20.
Homer-Dixon, T.1994: Environmental scarcity and violent conflict: evidence from cases. International Security19, 5-40.
21.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)2007: Fourth assessment report, working group II: climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Geneva: IPCC. Retrieved 23 March 2009 from http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg2.htm
22.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)2005: World disasters report 2005. Geneva: IFRC.
23.
Isin, E.F.2002: Being political: genealogies of citizenship. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
24.
Jalali, R.2002: Civil society and the state: Turkey after the earthquake . Disasters26, 120-39.
25.
Kelman, I.2003: Beyond disaster, beyond diplomacy. In Pelling, M., editor, Natural disasters and development in a globalizing world, London: Routledge, 110-23.
26.
Kelman, I. and Koukis, T.2000: Disaster diplomacy. Cambridge Review of International AffairsXIV, 214-94.
27.
Ker-Lindsay, J.2000: Greek-Turkish rapprochement: the impact of disaster diplomacy’ ? Cambridge Review of International Affairs14, 215-32.
28.
Klein, N.2005: The rise of disaster capitalism. Nation280(17), 9-11.
29.
- 2007: The shock doctrine. London: Penguin.
30.
- 2008: In the wake of catastrophe comes the whiff of unrest. The Guardian 16 May, 35.
31.
Kubicek, P.2002: The earthquake, civil society and political change in Turkey: assessment and comparison with Eastern Europe. Political Studies50, 761-78.
32.
Le Billon, P. and Waizenegger, A.2007: Peace in the wake of disaster? Secessionist conflicts and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers NS32, 411-27.
33.
Mardin, Ş. 1995: Civil society and Islam. In Hall, J.A. , editor, Civil society, theory, history, comparison, Cambridge: Polity Press, 278-300.
34.
Moench, M. and Dixit, A., editors 2007: Working with the winds of change: toward strategies for responding to the risks associated with climate change and other hazards. ProVention Consortium, IZET-I and IZET-N, Kathmandu, Nepal.
35.
Murshed, S.M. and Tadjoeddin, M.Z.2008: Revisiting the greed and grievance explanations for violent internal conflict. Paper presented at the Aiding the Poorest Conference, University of Birmingham, UK. Retrieved 23 March 2009 from http://www.newscentre.bham.ac.uk/debtrelief/mansoob_zulfan_GG__3_.pdf
36.
Mustafa, D.2007: Social construction of hydropolitics: the geographical scales of water and security in the Indus River Basin. Geographical Review94, 484-502.
37.
Nakagawa, Y. and Shaw, R.2004: Social capital: a missing link to disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters22, 5-34.
38.
Nordås, R. and Gleditsch, N.P.2007: Climate change and conflict. Political Geography26, 761-82.
39.
Oliver-Smith, A., editor 1986: Natural disasters and cultural responses. Wiliamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary Press.
40.
Olson, R.S.2000: Toward a politics of disaster losses, values, agendas, and blame. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters18, 265-87.
41.
Olson, R.S. and Gawronski, V.2003: Disasters as critical junctures? Managua, Nicaragua 1972 and Mexico City 1985. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters21, 3-35.
42.
Özerdem, A. and Jacoby, T.2006: Disaster management and civil society: earthquake relief in Japan, Turkey and India. London: I.B. Tauris.
43.
Peet, R. and Watts, M., editors 1996: Liberation ecologies: environment, development, social movements. New York: Routledge.
44.
Pelling, M.1998: Participation, social capital and vulnerability to urban flooding in Guyana. Journal of International Development10, 203-26.
45.
- 2001: Natural disasters? In Castree, N. and Braun, B., editors, Social nature, Oxford: Blackwell, 170-88.
46.
- 2003: The vulnerability of cities: natural disasters and social resilience. London: Earthscan.
47.
Pelling, M. and Dill, K.2006: ‘Natural disasters’ as catalysts of political action. ISP/NSC briefing paper 06/01. London: Chatham House.
48.
Poovey, M.1998: History of the modern fact: problems of knowledge in the sciences of wealth and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
49.
Pred, A. and Watts, M.1992: Reworking modernity: capitalism and symbolic discontent . Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
50.
ProVention Consortium2006: Incentives for reducing risks: 2006 ProVention forum report . Geneva: ProVention Consortium . Retrieved 23 March 2009 from http://www.proventionconsortium.org/themes/default/pdfs/Forum06_Report.pdf
51.
Ross, L.1984: Earthquake policy in China. Asian Survey2, 773-87.
52.
Scott, J.1976: The moral economy of the peasant: rebellion and subsistence in southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
53.
Secor, A.J.2001: Ideologies in crisis: political cleavages and electoral politics in Turkey in the 1990s. Political Geography20, 539-60.
54.
Susman, P., O’Keefe, P. and Wisner, B.1983: Global disasters, a radical interpretation. In Hewitt, K., editor, Interpretations of calamity , London: Allen and Unwin, 263-83.
55.
Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC)2006: Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: synthesis report. Retrieved 23 March 2009 from http://www.tsunamievaluation.org/The+TEC+Synthesis+Report/Full+Report.htm
56.
Un-Habitat2007: Global report on human settlements, 2007: enhancing urban safety and security. London: Earthscan.
57.
Unicef2005: Building back better . Retrieved 23 March 2009 from http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_30335.html
58.
Usaid2002: Windows of vulnerability and opportunity. Foreign aid in the national interest. Overview: promoting freedom, security and opportunity. Retrieved 23 March 2009 from http://www.usaid.gov/fani/overview/index.htm
59.
Watts, M.1983: On the poverty of theory: natural hazards research in context. In Hewitt, K., editor, Interpretations of calamity, London: Allen and Unwin, 231-62.
60.
Wickramasinghe, A.2005: Tsunami: building the nation through reciprocity while reconstructing the affected areas in Sri Lanka. Local Environment10, 543-49.
