This article discusses the relation between human geography and European Studies and critically questions the role of geography in producing knowledge on ‘Europe’ and shaping debates about it. It lays out how geographic contributions to European Studies can roughly be grouped into three broad categories: Europeanization and economic geographies of integration; urban, regional and spatial planning; and critical (geopolitical) approaches to the European Union. They lack, however, an engagement with future processes of European (dis)integration. This article, thus, offers an approach to visionary geographies that seeks to strengthen both geography’s theoretical input and applied contributions to European Studies.
AalbersMB (2009) The globalization and Europeanization of mortgage markets. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research33: 389–410.
2.
AbrahamsN (2013) Euroscapes in Senegal seen through the lense of the hip hop movement. L’Espace Politique19: 2–18.
3.
AdornoTW (1970[1966]) Erziehung nach auschwitz. In: AdornoTWKadelbachG (eds) Erziehung zur Mündigkeit: Vorträge und Gespräche mit Hellmut Becker 1959 - 1969. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, pp. 88–104.
4.
AdornoTW (1971) Erziehung zur Mündigkeit: Vorträge und Gespräche mit Hellmut Becker 1959 - 1969. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
5.
AgnewJ (2001) How many Europes? The European union, eastward enlargement and uneven development. European Urban and Regional Studies8: 29–38.
6.
AgnewJ (2020) Taking back control? The myth of territorial sovereignty and the Brexit fiasco. Territory, Politics, Governance8: 259–272.
7.
Amilhat-SzaryA-LGirautF (2015) Borderities and the Politics of Contemporary Mobile Borders. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
8.
AntonsichM (2008) EUropean attachment and meanings of EUrope. A qualitative study in the EU-15. Political Geography27: 691–710.
9.
ArmstrongWAndersonJ (2006) Geopolitics of European Union enlargement: the fortress empire. London: Routledge.
10.
BacheI (1998) The Politics of European Union Regional Policy: Multi-Level Governance or Flexible Gatekeeping?Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
11.
BacheIFlindersMV (2004) Multi-Level Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12.
BachmannV (2011) Participating and observing: positionality and fieldwork relations during Kenya’s post-election crisis. Area43: 362–368.
13.
BachmannV (2013) A step outside: observations from the world’s youngest state. Geography Compass7: 778–789.
14.
BachmannV (2015) Global Europa, ESPON and the EU’s regulated spaces of interaction. Journal of European Integration37: 685–703.
15.
BachmannV (2016) European External Action – The Making of EU Diplomacy in Kenya. London: Routledge.
16.
BachmannV (2020) The resurfacing of German fascism. Political Geography81: 102230.
17.
BachmannVBialasiewiczL (2020) Critical geopolitics. In: StivachtisYBigoDDiezT, et al. (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Studies. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 85–98.
18.
BachmannVMoisioS (2020) Towards a constructive critical geopolitics – inspirations from the Frankfurt School of critical theory. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space38: 251–268.
19.
BachmannVMüllerM (2015) Perceptions of the EU in Eastern Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. Looking in from the Outside. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
20.
BachmannVSidawayJD (2009) Zivilmacht Europa: a critical geopolitics of the European Union as a global power. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers34: 94–109.
BachmannVToalG (2019) Geopolitics – Thick and complex. A conversation with Gerard toal. Erdkunde73: 143–155.
23.
BalibarÉ (2004) We, The People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24.
BalibarÉ (2009) Europe as borderland. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space27: 190–215.
25.
BallasDDorlingDHennigB (2017) Analysing the regional geography of poverty, austerity and inequality in Europe: a human cartographic perspective. Regional Studies51: 174–185.
26.
BarnettC (2014) Geography and ethics III: from moral geographies to geographies of worth. Progress in Human Geography38: 151–160.
27.
BartolovichC (2006) History after the end of history: critical counterfactualism and revolution. New Formations59: 63–80.
28.
BassinM (2000) Review of “the meaning of Europe: geography and geopolitics” by Michael Heffernan. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers25: 120–123.
29.
BeauguitteLDidelon-LoiseauC (2013) L’Europe vue d’ici et d’ailleurs. L’Espace Politique19: 2–6.
30.
BeauguitteLRichardYGuérin-PaceF (2015) The EU and its neighbourhoods: a textual analysis on key documents of the European neighbourhood policy. Geopolitics20: 853–879.
31.
BeckouchePGraslandC (2008) North-south regionalism: a challenge for Europe in a changing world. In: FaludiA (ed) European Spatial Research and Planning. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, pp. 195–223.
32.
BeckouchePGraslandCGuérin-PaceF, et al. (2016) Founding Territorial Sciences. Paris: CIST.
33.
BelinaB (2020) Political geography lecture: social forms, spatial forms, and the New Right. Celebrating Capital at 150 and explaining the rise of the AfD. Political Geography81: 102091.
34.
BialasiewiczL (2008) The uncertain state(s) of Europe?European Urban and Regional Studies15: 71–82.
35.
BialasiewiczL (2011) Europe in the World: EU Geopolitics and the Transformation of European Space. Aldershot: Ashgate.
36.
BialasiewiczLDahlmanCApuzzoGM, et al. (2009) Interventions in the new political geographies of the European ‘neighborhood’. Political Geography28: 79–89.
37.
BialasiewiczLEldenSPainterJ (2005) The constitution of EU territory. Comparative European Politics3: 333–363.
38.
BialasiewiczLMincaC (2005) Old Europe, new Europe: for a geopolitics of translation. Area37: 365–372.
39.
BialasiewiczLStalloneS (2020) Focalizing new-Fascism: right politics and integralisms in contemporary Italy. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space38: 423–442.
40.
BlacksellM (1977) Post-war Europe: A Political Geography. Folkestone: Dawson.
41.
BlacksellMWilliamsAM (1994) The European Challenge: Geography and Development in The European Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
42.
BoedeltjeF (2012) The Other spaces of Europe: seeing European geopolitics through the disturbing eye of Foucault’s heterotopias. Geopolitics17: 1–24.
43.
BoyleMPaddisonRShirlowP (2018) Introducing ‘Brexit Geographies’: five provocations. Space and Polity22: 97–110.
44.
BregazziHJacksonM (2018) Agonism, critical political geography, and the new geographies of peace. Progress in Human Geography42: 72–91.
45.
BrennerNPeckJTheodoreN (2010) Variegated neoliberalization: geographies, modalities, pathways. Global Networks10: 182–222.
46.
BrennetotARosembergM (2013) Géographie de l’Europe et géographie de la construction européenne. L’Espace Politique19: 2–25.
47.
BrownEClokeJ (2007) Shadow Europe: alternative European financial geographies. Growth and Change38: 304–327.
48.
BürknerH-J (2020) Europeanisation versus euroscepticism: Do borders matter?Geopolitics25: 1–22.
49.
CastreeNFullerDKentA, et al. (2008) Geography, pedagogy and politics. Progress in Human Geography32: 680–718.
50.
CelataFColettiR (2019) Borderscapes of external Europeanization in the Mediterranean neighbourhood. European Urban and Regional Studies26: 9–21.
51.
ClarkJJonesA (2008) The spatialities of Europeanisation: territory, government and power in ‘EUrope’. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers33: 300–318.
52.
CloutHD (1975) Regional Development in Western Europe. London: Wiley.
53.
CloutHD (1986) Regional Variations in the European Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
54.
CloutHDBlacksellMKingR, et al. (1994) Western Europe: Geographical Perspectives. London: Routledge.
55.
ColemanM (2013) Intellectuals of statecraft. In: DoddsKKuusMSharpJ (eds) The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 493–508.
56.
DatlerG (2012) „Europäische identität” jenseits der demos-fiktion. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte62: 57–61.
57.
DavoudiS (2003) European briefing: polycentricity in European spatial planning: from an analytical tool to a normative agenda. European Planning Studies11: 979–999.
58.
DeasILordA (2006) From a new regionalism to an unusual regionalism? The emergence of non-standard regional spaces and lessons for the territorial reorganisation of the state. Urban Studies43: 1847–1877.
59.
Del SartoRA (2016) Normative empire Europe: the European union, its borderlands, and the ‘Arab spring’. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies54: 215–232.
60.
DelaneyDLeitnerH (1997) The political construction of scale. Political Geography16: 93–97.
61.
DeluermozQSingaravelouP (2016) Pour une Histoire des Possibles. Analyses Contrefactuelles et Futurs Non Advenus. Paris: Seuil.
62.
DiezTTocciN (2017) The EU, Promoting Regional Integration, and Conflict Resolution. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
63.
DijkinkG (1996) National Identity and Geopolitical Visions: Maps of Pride and Pain. London: Routledge.
64.
DobošP (2020) Communicating temporalities: the orientalist unconscious, the European migrant crisis, and the time of the Other. Political Geography80: 102176.
65.
DoddsKKuusMSharpJ (2013) The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. Farnham: Ashgate.
66.
DowlerLSharpJ (2001) A feminist geopolitics?Space and Polity5: 165–176.
67.
DuchêneF (1972) Europe’s role in world peace. In: MayneR (ed) Europe Tomorrow. Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead. London: Fontana/Collins, pp. 32–47.
68.
DuchêneF (1973) The European community and the uncertainties of interdependence. In: KohnstammMHagerW (eds) A Nation Writ Large? Foreign Policy Problems before the European Community. Basingstoke: Macmillian, pp. 1–21.
69.
DuchêneF (1994) Jean Monnet: The First Statesman of Interdependence. New York, NY: WW Morton.
70.
EldenSBialasiewiczL (2006) The new geopolitics of division and the problem of a Kantian Europe. Review of International Studies32: 623–644.
71.
EnglandK (1994) Getting personal: reflexivity, positionality, and feminist research. Professional Geographer46: 80–89.
72.
ESPON (2006) ESPON ATLAS – Mapping the Structure of the European Territory. In: Raumordnung BfBu (ed) Bonn: European Spatial Planning Observation Network.
73.
ESPON (2007) Europe in The World – Territorial Evidence and Visions. In: (Luxembourg)MoIaSD (ed) Paris: European Spatial Planning Observation Network.
74.
ESPON (2013) Territorial Dynamics in Europe: Gateway Functions in Cities. Luxembourg: ESPON 2013 Programme Coordination Unit.
75.
ESPON (2014) Making Europe Open and Polycentric. Luxembourg: ESPON 2013 Programme Coordination Unit.
76.
ESPON (2016) Polycentric Territorial Structures and Territorial Cooperation. Luxembourg: ESPON.
77.
ESPON (2017) Possible European Territorial Futures. Luxembourg: ESPON.
FallJJMincaC (2013) Not a geography of what doesn’t exist, but a counter-geography of what does: rereading Giuseppe Dematteis’ Le Metafore della Terra. Progress in Human Geography37: 542–563.
80.
FaludiA (2006) From European spatial development to territorial cohesion policy. Regional Studies40: 667–678.
81.
FaludiA (2016) EU territorial cohesion, a contradiction in terms. Planning Theory & Practice17: 302–313.
82.
FendrychováLJehličkaP (2018) Revealing the hidden geography of alternative food networks: the travelling concept of farmers’ markets. Geoforum95: 1–10.
83.
FladvadB (2018) Die Food Movements und ihre Forderungen: zur politischen Dimension alternativer Ernährungsgeographien. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie62: 201–216.
84.
FörtnerMBelinaBNaumannM (2021) The revenge of the village? The geography of right-wing populist electoral success, anti-politics, and austerity in Germany. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space39: 574–596.
85.
FriedrichsJKratochwilF (2009) On acting and knowing: how pragmatism can advance international relations research and methodology. International Organization63: 701–731.
86.
FullerDJonasAEGLeeR (2010) Interrogating Alterity: Alternative Economic and Political Spaces. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
87.
FullerDKitchinR (2004) Radical Theory/Critical Praxis: Making a Difference Beyond the Academy?Victoria, BC, Canada: Praxis (e)Press.
88.
GaltungJ (1973) The European Community: A Superpower in The Making. Oslo: Universitetforlaget.
89.
GiannakourouG (2005) Transforming spatial planning policy in Mediterranean countries: europeanization and domestic change. European Planning Studies13: 319–331.
90.
Gibson-GrahamJK (2005) Surplus possibilities: postdevelopment and community economies. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography26: 4–26.
91.
Gibson-GrahamJK (2008) Diverse economies: performative practices for ‘other worlds’. Progress in Human Geography32: 613–632.
92.
GilbertDLambertD (2010) Counterfactual geographies: worlds that might have been. Journal of Historical Geography36: 245–252.
GregoryD (2004) The lightning of possible storms. Antipode36: 798–808.
95.
GualiniEFrickeC (2018) ‘Who governs’ Berlin’s metropolitan region? The strategic-relational construction of metropolitan scale in Berlin–Brandenburg’s economic development policies. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space37: 59–80.
96.
HansenPJonssonS (2014) Eurafrica: The Untold History of European Integration and Colonialism. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
97.
HarveyD (1974) What kind of geography for what kind of public policy?Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers63: 18–24.
98.
HarveyD (1990) Between space and time: reflections on the geographical imagination. Annals of the Association of American Geographers80: 418–434.
99.
HarveyD (2006) The sociological and geographical imaginations. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society18: 211/255.
100.
HeffernanMJ (1998) The Meaning of Europe: Geography and Geopolitics. London: Arnold.
101.
HettneBSöderbaumF (2005) Civilian power or soft imperialism? The EU as a global actor and the role of interregionalism. European Foreign Affairs Review10: 535–552.
102.
HorkheimerM (1937) Traditionelle und kritische Theorie. Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung6: 245–294.
103.
HorkheimerM (2002[1968]) Critical Theory. Selected Essays. New York, NY: Continuum.
104.
HorkheimerMMarcuseH (1937) Philosophie und kritische Theorie. Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung6: 625–647.
105.
HughesA (2005) Geographies of exchange and circulation: alternative trading spaces. Progress in Human Geography29: 496–504.
106.
HyndmanJ (2001) Towards a feminist geopolitics. The Canadian Geographer45: 210–222.
107.
HyndmanJ (2007) Feminist geopolitics revisited: body counts in Iraq. The Professional Geographer59: 35–46.
108.
HyndmanJ (2010) The question of ‘the political’ in critical geopolitics: querying the ‘child soldier’ in the ‘war on terror’. Political Geography29: 247–255.
109.
IngramA (2013) Artists. In: DoddsKKuusMSharpJ (eds) The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 461–476.
110.
JensenOBRichardsonT (2004) Making European Space: Mobility, Power and Territorial Identity. London; New York, NY: Routledge.
111.
JessopB (2008) State Power: A Strategic-Relational Approach. Cambridge: Polity.
112.
JessopB (2017) The organic crisis of the British state: putting Brexit in its place. Globalizations14: 133–141.
113.
JessopBBrennerNJonesM (2008) Theorizing sociospatial relations. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space26: 389–401.
114.
JonasAEGMoisioS (2018) City regionalism as geopolitical processes: a new framework for analysis. Progress in Human Geography42: 350–370.
115.
JonesAClarkJ (2010) The Spatialities of Europeanization: Power, Governance and Territory in Europe. London: Routledge.
116.
JonesAClarkJ (2020) Political geography and political science: common territory?Geopolitics25: 472–478.
117.
JonesMPaasiA (2015) Regional Worlds: Advancing the Geography of Regions. London: Routledge.
118.
KaiserW (2017) One narrative or several? Politics, cultural elites, and citizens in constructing a ‘New Narrative for Europe’. National Identities19: 215–230.
119.
KesbyM (2007) Spatialising Participatory approaches: the contribution of geography to a mature debate. Environment and Planning A39: 2813–2831.
120.
KochN (2016) Is a “critical” area studies possible?Environment and Planning D: Society and Space34: 807–814.
121.
Koloma BeckT (2020) Die gesellschaft wird zum reallabor der Politik. In: StuckeJ (ed) Studio 9 - Der Tag mit…. Deutschlandfunk Kultur.
122.
KoopmanS (2011) Alter-geopolitics: other securities are happening. Geoforum42: 274–284.
123.
KuusM (2004) Europe’s eastern expansion and the reinscription of otherness in East-Central Europe. Progress in Human Geography28: 472–489.
124.
KuusM (2007) Geopolitics Reframed: Security and Identity in Europe’s Eastern Enlargement. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
125.
KuusM (2014) Geopolitics and Expertise: Knowledge and Authority in European Diplomacy. Chichester: Wiley.
126.
KuusM (2019) The terroir of bureaucratic practice: everyday life and scholarly method in the study of policy. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space37: 617–633.
127.
LeitnerH (1997) Reconfiguring the spatiality of power: the construction of a supranational migration framework for the European Union. Political Geography16: 123–143.
128.
LeszczyńskiA (2013) Six ideas to save the EU. The Guardian.
129.
LichtensteinD (2012) Auf der suche nach Europa. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte62: 3–7.
130.
LizotteC (2019) Where are the people? Refocusing political geography on populism. Political Geography71: 139–141.
131.
LoriauxMM (2008) European Union and the Deconstruction of the Rhineland Frontier. Cambridge; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
132.
LuukkonenJMoisioS (2016) On the socio-technical practices of the European Union territory. Environment and Planning A – Economy and Space48: 1452–1472.
133.
MacKinnonD (2011) Reconstructing scale: towards a new scalar politics. Progress in Human Geography35: 21–36.
134.
MahonyM (2019) Historical geographies of the future: airships and the making of imperial atmospheres. Annals of the American Association of Geographers109: 1279–1299.
135.
MamadouhVBialasiewiczL (2016) Introduction to the special issue: Europe and its others. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie107: 129–133.
136.
MannersI (2002) Normative power Europe: A contradiction in terms?Journal of Common Market Studies40: 235–258.
137.
MannersI (2006) Normative power Europe reconsidered: beyond the crossroads. Journal of European Public Policy13: 182–199.
138.
MannersI (2008) The normative ethics of the European Union. International Affairs84: 45–60.
139.
MannersI (2020) Critical social theory approaches to European integration. In: StivachtisYBigoDDiezT, et al. (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Studies. Abingdon: Routledge.
140.
MarksG (2012) Europe and its empires: from Rome to the European Union*. Journal of Common Market Studies50: 1–20.
141.
MarksGHoogheLBlankK (1996) European integration from the 1980s: state-centric v. multi-level governance. Journal of Common Market Studies34: 341–378.
142.
MarstonSA (2000) The social construction of scale. Progress in Human Geography24: 219–242.
143.
MasseyD (2004) Geographies of responsibility. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography86: 5–18.
144.
MasseyD (2005) For Space. London: Sage.
145.
MasseyD (2008) When theory meets politics. In: MitchellK (ed) Practising Public Scholarship: Experiences and Possibilities Beyond the Academy. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 142–147.
146.
MaullHW (1993) Civilian power: the concept and its relevance for security issues. In: BabicLHuldtB (eds) Mapping the Unknown, Towards a New World Order. Stockholm: Swedish Institute of International Affairs, pp. 115–131.
147.
MaullHW (2005) Europe and the new balance of global order. International Affairs81: 775–799.
148.
MaullHW (2013) „Zivilmacht”: Karriere Eines Begriffs. Trier: Abschiedsvorlesung an der Universität Trier am 03. Mai 2013.
149.
McCannPOrtega-ArgilesR (2015) Smart specialization, regional growth and applications to European Union cohesion policy. Regional Studies49: 1291–1302.
150.
McConnellFKuusMJeffreyA, et al. (2017) Interventions on Europe’s political futures. Political Geography60: 261–271.
151.
McConnellFMegoranNWilliamsP (2014) Geographies of Peace. London: I.B. Tauris.
152.
McNeillD (2004) New Europe: Imagined Spaces. London: Arnold.
153.
MedeirosE (2013) Euro–meso–macro: the new regions in Iberian and European space. Regional Studies47: 1249–1266.
154.
MegoranN (2008) Militarism, realism, just war, or nonviolence? Critical geopolitics and the problem of normativity. Geopolitics13: 473–497.
155.
MegoranN (2011) War and peace? An agenda for peace research and practice in geography. Political Geography30: 178–189.
156.
MegoranN (2013) Violence and peace. In: DoddsKKuusMSharpJ (eds) The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 189–207.
157.
MitchellK (2008) Practising public scholarship: experiences and possibilities beyond the academy. Antipode Book Series. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, viii, p. 152.
158.
MoisioS (2011) Geographies of Europeanization: the EU’s spatial planning as a politics of scale. In: BialasiewiczL (ed) Europe in the World: EU Geopolitics and The Transformation of European Space. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 19–39.
159.
MoisioS (2018) Geopolitics of the Knowledge-Based Economy. London: Routledge.
160.
MoisioSBachmannVBialasiewiczL, et al. (2013) Mapping the political geographies of Europeanization: national discourses, external perceptions and the question of popular culture. Progress in Human Geography37: 737–761.
161.
MoisioSLuukkonenJ (2015) European spatial planning as governmentality: an inquiry into rationalities, techniques, and manifestations. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy33: 828–845.
162.
MoisioSLuukkonenJ (2018) Notes on spatial transformation in post-Cold War Europe and the territory work of the European Union. In: VihalemmPMassoAOpermannS (eds) Routledge International Handbook of European Social Transformations. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 224–238.
163.
MolleW (2007) European Cohesion Policy. London: Routledge.
164.
MoserS (2008) Personality: A new positionality?Area40: 383–392.
165.
MossPJ (2002) Feminist Geography in Practice: Research and Methods. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
166.
MountzA (2018) Political geography III: bodies. Progress in Human Geography42: 759–769.
167.
MurphyAB (2006) Enhancing geography’s role in public debate. Annals of the Association of American Geographers96: 1–13.
168.
MurphyAB (2013) Advancing geographical understanding: why engaging grand regional narratives matters. Dialogues in Human Geography3: 131–149.
169.
NeumannIB (2012) At Home with the Diplomats: Inside a European Foreign Ministry. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
170.
NewmanEStefanCG (2020) Normative power Europe? The EU’s embrace of the responsibility to protect in a transitional international order. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies58: 472–490.
171.
NicolaïdisKHowseR (2002) ‘This is my EUtopia…’: narrative as power. Journal of Common Market Studies40: 767–792.
172.
NiebuhrASchlitteF (2009) EU enlargement and convergence. Eastern European Economics47: 28–56.
173.
Ó TuathailG (1987) Beyond empiricist political geography: a comment on van Der Wusten and O’Loughlin. The Professional Geographer39: 196–197.
174.
Ó TuathailG (2010). Localizing geopolitics: Disaggregating violence and return in conflict regions. Political Geography29 (5): 256–265.
175.
Ó TuathailG (2013) Forward. Arguing about geopolitics. In: DoddsKKuusMSharpJ (eds) The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. ix–xxi.
176.
Ó TuathailG (2017) Near Abroad: Putin, The West, and The Contest Over Ukraine and The Caucasus. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
177.
Ó TuathailGDalbyS (1998) Introduction. In: Ó TuathailGDalbyS (eds) Rethinking Geopolitics. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 1–15.
178.
OberthürSRoche KellyC (2008) EU leadership in international climate policy: achievements and challenges. The International Spectator43: 35–50.
179.
OldfieldSParnellSMabinA (2004) Engagement and reconstruction in critical research: negotiating urban practice, policy and theory in South Africa. Social & Cultural Geography5: 285–299.
180.
OlsonESayerA (2009) Radical geography and its critical standpoints: embracing the normative. Antipode41: 180–198.
181.
PaascheTF (2016) Co-producing fieldwork under fire: collaborating with journalists in Syria and Iraq. The Geographical Journal182: 289–293.
182.
PaasiA (2004) Place and region: looking through the prism of scale. Progress in Human Geography28: 536–546.
183.
ParkerG (1968) The Logic of Unity: An Economic Geography of The Common Market. London: Longmans.
184.
ParkerG (1979) The Countries of Community Europe: A Geographical Survey of Contemporary Issues. London: Macmillan.
185.
ParkerG (1983) A Political Geography of Community Europe. London: Butterworths.
186.
ParkerG (1987) French geopolitical thought in the interwar years and the emergence of the European idea. Political Geography Quarterly6: 145–150.
187.
PinkertonA (2013) Journalists. In: DoddsKKuusMSharpJ (eds) The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 439–460.
188.
PollardJSSidawayJD (2002) Editorial: euroland—economic, cultural and political geographies. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers27: 7–10.
189.
PrattG (2000) Research performances. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space18: 639–650.
190.
Risse-KappenT (1996) Exploring the nature of the beast: international relations. Journal of Common Market Studies34: 53–80.
191.
Rodriguez-PoseACrescenziR (2008) Research and development, spillovers, innovation systems, and the genesis of regional growth in Europe. Regional Studies42: 51–67.
192.
Rodriguez-PoseAGarcilazoE (2015) Quality of government and the returns of investment: examining the impact of cohesion expenditure in European Regions. Regional Studies49: 1274–1290.
193.
RogersJ (2009) From ‘civilian power’ to ‘global power’: explicating the European Union’s ‘grand strategy’ through the articulation of discourse theory. Journal of Common Market Studies47: 831–862.
194.
RoseG (1997) Situating knowledges: positionality, reflexivities and other tactics. Progress in Human Geography21: 305–320.
195.
RoulandB (2014) Migrations, Mondialisation, Santé: Almería, province globale?PhD-thesis: Université de Rouen.
196.
RoulandB (2017) Borders, violence, and the oxymoron of the global village. Geopolitics22: 215–221.
197.
RovnyiIBachmannV (2012) Reflexive geographies of Europeanization. Geography Compass6: 260–274.
198.
RumfordC (2009) Introduction: the stuff of European studies. In: RumfordC (ed) The SAGE Handbook of European Studies. London: SAGE, pp. 1–14.
199.
SalaVD (2010) Political myth, mythology and the European Union*. Journal of Common Market Studies48: 1–19.
200.
SchipperS (2017) Wohnraum dem Markt entziehen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
201.
SharpJ (2011) A subaltern critical geopolitics of the war on terror: postcolonial security in Tanzania. Geoforum42: 297–305.
202.
ShipmanAShipmanMD (2006) Knowledge Monopolies: The Academisation of Society. Exeter: Societas.
203.
SidawayJD (2001) Rebuilding bridges: a critical geopolitics of Iberian transfrontier cooperation in a European context. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space19: 743–778.
204.
SidawayJD (2006) On the nature of the beast: re-charting political geographies of the European Union. Geografiska Annaler88B: 1–14.
205.
SidawayJD (2013) Geography, globalization, and the problematic of area studies. Annals of the Association of American Geographers103: 984–1002.
206.
SlaterD (1993) The geopolitical imagination and the enframing of development theory. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers18: 419–437.
207.
SmithA (2015a) Macro-regional integration, the frontiers of capital and the externalisation of economic governance. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers40: 507–522.
208.
SmithA (2015b) The state, institutional frameworks and the dynamics of capital in global production networks. Progress in Human Geography39: 290–315.
209.
SmithABarbuMCamplingL, et al. (2018) Labor regimes, global production networks, and European Union trade policy: labor standards and export production in the Moldovan clothing industry. Economic Geography94: 550–574.
210.
StaeheliLA (2013) The 2011 antipode AAG lecture whose responsibility is it? Obligation, citizenship and social welfare. Antipode45: 521–540.
211.
StaeheliLAMitchellD (2005) The complex politics of relevance in geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers95: 357–372.
212.
SwyngedouwE (1997) Neither global nor local: ‘glocalization’ and the politics of scale. In: CoxKR (ed) Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting The Power of The Local. New York, NY: Guilford Press, pp. 138–166.
213.
TherP (2016) Europe Since 1989: A History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
214.
TocciN (2007) The EU and Conflict Resolution: Promoting Peace in The Backyard. London: Routledge.
215.
van HoutumH (2010) Human blacklisting: the global apartheid of the EU’s external border regime. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space28: 957–976.
216.
van HoutumHKramschOTZiefhoferW (2005) B/ordering space. Border Regions Series. Aldershot; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, p. 251.
217.
van MeeterenM (2020) A prehistory of the polycentric urban region: excavating Dutch applied geography, 1930–60. Regional Studies1–14. DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2020.1800629
218.
van MeeterenMPoorthuisADerudderB, et al. (2016) Pacifying Babel’s tower: a scientometric analysis of polycentricity in urban research. Urban Studies53: 1278–1298.
219.
van RamshorstJP (2020) Studying migration in the time of trump: power, positionality, and formal politics in the field. The Professional Geographer72: 264–271.
220.
VoglerJBrethertonC (2006) The European Union as a protagonist to the United States on climate change. International Studies Perspectives7: 1–22.
221.
WaltersW (2002) Mapping Schengenland: denaturalizing the border. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space20: 561–580.
222.
WaltersW (2009) Europe’s borders. In: RumfordC (ed) Sage Handbook of European Studies. London: Sage, pp. 485–505.
223.
WilliamsPMcConnellF (2011) Critical geographies of peace. Antipode43: 927–931.
224.
ZickAKüpperBBerghanW (2019) Verlorene Mitte – Feindselige Zustände, Rechtsextreme Einstellungen in Deutschland 2018/19. Bonn: Dietz.
