Further development of conceptual elements of the theory of self-care, one of the three constituent theories of Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing, is reported. Five content areas of a practical science of self-care are identified; one content area, self-care requisites, is refined and developed. The nature of self-care requisites is reformulated; guides and standards for the expression of self-care requisites, examples of expressed self-care requisites, and a self-care practice guide are described. These developments are illustrated using the example of the requisite to maintain an adequate fluid intake.
Clark, C. C. (1998). Wellness self-care by healthy older adults. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 30, 351-355.
2.
Conn, V. (1991). Self-care actions taken by older adults for influenza and colds. Nursing Research, 40, 176-181.
3.
Denyes, M. J. (1988). Orem’s model used for health promotion: Directions from research. Advances in Nursing Science, 11(1), 13-21.
4.
Frey, M. A. , & Denyes, M. J. (1989). Health and illness self-care in adolescents with IDDM: A test of Orem’s theory. Advances in Nursing Science, 12(1), 67-75.
5.
Gast, H. L. , Denyes, M. J., Campbell, J. C., Hartweg, D. L., Schott-Baer, D., & Isenberg, M. (1989). Conceptualizations and operationalizations. Advances in Nursing Science, 12(1), 26-38.
6.
Geden, E. , & Taylor, S. (1991). Construct and empirical validity of the self as carer inventory. Nursing Research, 40, 47-50.
7.
Hanucharurnkui, S. , & Vinya-nguag, P. (1991). Effects of promoting patients’ participation in self-care on postoperative recovery and satisfaction with care. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4, 14-20.
8.
Harper, D. C. (1984). Application of Orem’s theoretical constructs to self-care medication behaviors in the elderly. Advances in Nursing Science, 6(3), 29-46.
9.
Harris, J. L. (1990). Self-care actions of chronic schizophrenics associated with meeting solitude and social interaction requisites. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 4, 298-307.
10.
Harris, J. L. , & Williams, L. K. (1991). Universal self-care requisites as identified by homeless men. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 17(6), 39-43.
11.
Hartweg, D. H. (1993). Self-care actions of healthy middle-aged women to promote well being. Nursing Research, 42, 221-227.
12.
Horn, B. , & Swain, M. (1977). Development of criterion measures of nursing care: Vol. 2. Manual for instrument of health status measures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. (NTIS No. PB 267-005)
13.
McCaleb, A. , & Edgil, A. (1994). Self-concept and self-care practices of healthy adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 9, 233-238.
14.
Moore, J. B. (1993). Predictors of children’s self-care performance: Testing the theory of self-care deficit. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 7, 199-212.
15.
Nursing Development Conference Group . (1973). Concept formalization in nursing: Process and product. Boston: Little, Brown.
16.
Orem, D. E. (1995). Nursing: Concepts of practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby.
17.
Schott-Baer, D. (1993). Dependent-care, caregiver burden, and self-care agency of spouse caregivers. Cancer Nursing, 16, 230-236.
18.
Spearman, S. A. , Duldt, B. W., & Brown, S. (1993). Research testing theory: A selective review of Orem’s self-care theory, 1986-1991. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18, 1626-1631.
19.
Wallace, W. A. (1983). From a realist point of view: Essays on the philosophy of science (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: University Press of America.
20.
Whitener, L. M. , Cox, K. R., & Maglich, S. A. (1998). Use of theory to guide nurses in the design of health messages. Advances in Nursing Science, 20(3), 21-35.
