Critical sociologists have long recognized the intersections between love and revolution. For the most part, however, our understanding of love and its relevance for revolution remains vague. My article seeks to remedy this limitation. It starts by sketching the social and personal contexts of alienation, indicating that in today's capitalist world genuine love is revolutionary in itself. It then specifies what love means, what types of love exist, and what revolutionary love implies in theory and practice. The next section introduces the political cultures of loving revolution concept and applies it to the Indian independence movement led by Gandhi. The conclusion discusses how potential revolutionaries might benefit from my interpretation of love and revolution.
Alford, F. (1987) Eros and Civilization after Thirty Years: A Reconsideration in Light of Recent Theories of Narcissism. Theory and Society16: 869-90.
2.
Alinsky, S. (1971) Rules for Radicals: A Practical Primer for Realistic Radicals. Random House: New York .
3.
Amin, S. (1995) Event, Metaphor, Memory: Chauri Chaura, 1922-1992 . Oxford University Press: Delhi .
4.
Appelbaum, R. and Robinson, W. (eds) (2005) Critical Globalization Studies . Routledge: New York.
5.
Aronowitz, S. and Gautney, H. (eds) (2003) Implicating Empire: Globalization and Resistance in the 21st Century World Order. Basic Books : New York.
6.
Banerjee, M. (2000) The Pathan Unarmed: Opposition and Memory in the North West Frontier. Oxford University Press: Karachi.
7.
Bondurant, J. (1971) Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict. University of California Press: Berkeley.
8.
Bronner, S. and Kellner, D. (eds) (1989) Critical Theory and Society: A Reader. Routledge: New York.
9.
Bystydzienski, J. and Schacht, S. (2001) Forging Radical Alliances across Difference: Coalition Politics for the New Millennium. Rowman & Littlefield : Lanham.
10.
Chabot, S. (2003) Crossing the Great Divide: The Gandhian Repertoire's Transnational Diffusion to the American Civil Rights Movement. University of Amsterdam, PhD dissertation.
11.
Collins, P.H. (2000) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Routledge: New York.
12.
Deming, B. (1971) Revolution and Equilibrium. Grossman: New York.
13.
Domenici, K. and Littlejohn, S. (2006) Facework: Bridging Theory and Practice. Sage: Thousand Oaks.
14.
Draper, A. (1985) The Amritsar Massacre: Twilights of the Raj. Ashford, Buchan and Enright: London.
15.
Emirbayer, M. and Goldberg, C. (2005) Pragmatism, Bourdieu, and Collective Emotions in Contentious Politics. Theory and Society34(5/6): 469-518.
16.
Epstein, B. (1991) Political Protest and Cultural Revolution: Nonviolent Direct Action in the 1970s and 1980s. University of California Press: Berkeley.
17.
Fein, H. (1977) Imperial Crime and Punishment: The Massacre at Jallianwala Bagh and British Judgement, 1919-1920. University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu.
18.
Foran, J. (2003) The Future of Revolutions: Rethinking Radical Change in the Age of Globalization. Zed: New York.
19.
Foran, J. (2005) Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions . Cambridge University Press:Cambridge .
20.
Fox, R. (1989) Gandhian Utopia: Experiments with Culture. Beacon Press: Boston.
21.
Fromm, E. (1956) The Art of Loving. Harper & Row: New York.
22.
Fromm, E. (1961) Marx's Concept of Man. Frederick Ungar: New York.
23.
Gandhi, M. (1945) Constructive Programme: Its Meaning and Place. Navajivan: Ahmedabad.
24.
Goldstone, J. (1991) Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World . University of California Press. Berkeley.
25.
Goodwin, J.,Jasper, J. and Polletta, F. (eds) (2001) Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
26.
Gould, C. (1978) Marx's Social Ontology: Individuality and Community in Marx's Theory of Social Reality. MIT Press: Cambridge.
27.
Gould, D. (2006) Negative Affect and Political (De)Mobilization. Mimeo, University of Toronto.
28.
Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Lawrence and Wishart: London.
29.
Hardiman, D. (2003) Gandhi in His Time and Ours: The Global Legacy of His Ideas. Columbia University Press: New York.
30.
Harvey, D. (2000) Spaces of Hope. University of California Press: Berkeley.
31.
hooks, b. (2000) All about Love: New Visions. HarperCollins: New York.
32.
Kelley, R. (2002) Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination. Beacon Press: Boston.
33.
Kellner, D. (1984) Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism. University of California Press: Berkeley .
34.
King, M.L. (1957) Loving Your Enemies. The Papers ofMartin Luther King, Jr. URL (consulted 23 August 2006): http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/sermons
35.
King, M.L. (1958) Stride toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. Harper & Row: New York.
36.
King, M.L. (1967) Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?Harper & Row: New York.
37.
Kreisberg, S. (1992) Transforming Power: Domination, Empowerment, and Education. State University of New York Press: Albany.
38.
Lakey, G. (1987) Powerful Peacemaking: A Strategy for a Living Revolution . New Society Publishers: Philadelphia .
39.
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980) Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
40.
Lederach, J. (2005) Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. Oxford University Press: New York.
41.
Lemert, C. (2004) Social Theory: The Multicultural and Classic Readings . Westview Press: Boulder.
42.
McAdam, D. and Tarrow, S. (2000) Nonviolence as Contentious Interaction. PS Online. URL (consulted 18 March 2006): http://www.apsanet.org/PS/june00/mcadam.cfm
43.
Marcuse, H. (1955) Eros and Civilization. Beacon Press: Boston.
44.
Martin, G. (2005) Millenium Dawn: The Philosophy of Planetary Crisis and Human Liberation. Institute for Economic Democracy : Sun City.
45.
Meszaros, I. (2000) Marx's Theory of Alienation. HarperCollins: New York.
46.
Moore, B. (1978) Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt . Sharpe: White Plains.
47.
Noddings, N. (1984) Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. University of California Press: Berkeley.
48.
Nojeim, M. (2004) Gandhi and King: The Power of Nonviolent Resistance . Praeger: Westport.
49.
Ollman, B. (2003) Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marx's Method . University of Illinois Press: Champaign.
50.
Pappenheim, F. (1959) Alienation of Modern Man: An Interpretation Based on Marx and Tönnies. Monthly Review Press: New York.
51.
Pippin, R.,Feenber, A. and Webel, C. (eds) (1986) Marcuse: Critical Theory and the Promise of Utopia. Bergin & Garvey: South Hadley.
52.
Ponce D.e León, J. (2001) Our Word is Our Weapon: Selected Writings, Subcomandante Marcos. Seven Stories Press: New York.
53.
Reed, J.P. (2004) Emotions in Context: Revolutionary Accelerators, Hope, Moral Outrage, and Other Emotions in the Making of Nicaragua's Revolution . Theory and Society33(6): 653-703.
54.
Reed, J.P. and Foran, J. (2002) Political Cultures of Opposition: Exploring Idioms, Ideologies, and Revolutionary Agency in the Case of Nicaragua. Critical Sociology28(3): 335-70.
55.
Resnick, S. and Wolff, R. (1987) Knowledge and Class: A Marxian Critique of Political Economy. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
56.
Rudolph, L. and Rudolph, S. (2006) Postmodern Gandhi and Other Essays: Gandhi in the World and at Home. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
57.
Scalmer, S. (2002) The Labor of Diffusion: The Peace Pledge Union and the Adaptation of the Gandhian Repertoire. Mobilization7(3): 269-86.
58.
Scheff, T. (2006) Goffman Unbound! A New Paradigm for Social Science . Paradigm Publishers: Boulder .
59.
Schmitt, R. (1995) Beyond Separateness: The Social Nature of Human Beings - Their Autonomy, Knowledge, and Power. Westview Press: Boulder.
60.
Schmitt, R. (2003) Alienation and Freedom. Westview Press: Boulder.
61.
Shridharani, K. (1939) War without Violence: A Study of Gandhi's Method and its Accomplishments. Harcourt Brace: New York.
62.
Skocpol, T. (1979) States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge University Press:Cambridge.
63.
Solnit, D. (ed.) (2004) Globalize Liberation: How to Uproot the System and Build a Better World. City Lights: San Francisco.
64.
Terchek, R. (1998) Gandhi: Struggling for Autonomy. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham.
65.
Tilly, C. (1978) From Mobilization to Revolution. Random House: New York.
66.
Tucker, R. (ed.) (1978) The Marx-Engels Reader. Norton: New York.
67.
Weber, M. (1946) From Max Weber. H.H. Gerth and C.W. Mills (eds) Oxford University Press: New York.
68.
Welch, S. (1985) Communities of Resistance and Solidarity: A Feminist Theology of Liberation. Orbis Books: Maryknoll.
