Through a review of two bodies of critical literature, within management studies and development studies respectively, the implications of a critical perspective for our understanding of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is presented.
Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. (1996). Making sense of management. London: Sage.
2.
Appelrouth, S., & Edles, L.D. (2007). Sociological theory in the contemporary era. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
3.
Avina, J. (1993). The evolutionary life cycles of non-governmental development organizations. Public Administration and Development , 13, 453-474.
4.
Brett, E.A. (2000). Understanding organizations and institutions. In D. Robinson, T. Hewitt, & J. Harriss (Eds.), Managing development: Understanding inter-organizational relationships (pp. 17-48). London: Sage.
5.
Brinkerhoff, J.M., Smith, S.C., & Teegen, H. (2007). Beyond the "Non": The strategic space for NGOs in development. In J. M. Brinkerhoff, S. C. Smith, & H. Teegen (Eds.), NGOS and the millennium development goals: Citizen action to reduce poverty (pp. 53-80). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
6.
Brown, L.D. & Kalegaonkar, A. (2002). Support organizations and the evolution of the NGO sector. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31, 231-258.
7.
Chen, M., Jhabvala, R., Kanbur, R., & Richards, C. (2007). Membership-based organizations of the poor: Concepts, experience and policy. In M. Chen, R. Jhabvala, R. Kanbur, & C. Richards (Eds.), Membership-based organizations of the poor. London: Routledge.
8.
Clark, J. (1991). Democratizing development. West Hartford: Kumarian.
9.
Clegg, S., Courpasson, D., & Phillips, N. (2006). Power and organizations. London : Sage.
10.
Cooke, B. (2004). The managing of the (third) world. Organization, 11, 603-629.
11.
Cousins, W. (1991). Non-governmental initiatives. The urban poor and basic infrastructure services in Asia and the Pacific. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank. Available from www.gdrc.org/ngo/ngo-types.htm
12.
Critchley, S. (2007). Infinitely demanding: Ethics of commitment, politics of resistance. New York: Verso.
13.
Dean, J. (1996). Civil society: Beyond the public sphere. In D. Rasmussen (Ed.), Handbook of critical theory (pp. 220-242). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
14.
Derrida, J. (1998). Of grammatology. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
15.
Desai, V., & Preston, I. (1999). Anatomy of the Bombay NGO sector. Environment and Urbanization, 11, 247-265.
16.
Eagleton, T. (2003). Figures of dissent. New York: Verso .
17.
Edwards, M. (2004). Civil society. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
18.
Edwards, M., & Hulme, D. (1995). Beyond the magic bullet? Lessons and conclusions . In M. Edwards & D. Hulme (Eds.), Non-governmental organizations-performance and accountability: Behind the magic bullet (pp. 219-228). London: Earthscan.
19.
Edwards, M., Hulme, D., & Wallace, T. (1999). NGOs in a global future: Marrying local delivery to worldwide leverage. Public Administration and Development , 19, 117-136.
20.
Fisher, J. (1994). Is the iron law of oligarchy rusting away in the third world? World Development, 22, 129-143.
21.
Fournier, V., & Grey, C. (2000). At the critical moment: Conditions and prospects for critical management studies. Human Relations, 53, 7-32.
22.
Fowler, A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history: Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation? Third World Quarterly , 21, 637-654.
23.
Gasper, D. (2000). Evaluating the "logical framework approach" toward learning-oriented development evaluation. Public Administration and Development, 20, 17-28.
24.
Grey, C. (1996). Towards a critique of managerialism: The contribution of Simone Weil. Journal of Management Studies, 33, 591-611.
25.
Grey, C. (2004). Re-inventing Business Schools: The Contribution of Critical Management Studies. Academy of Management, Learning and Education, 3, 178-186.
26.
Grey, C., & Willmott, H. (2005). Critical management studies: A reader. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
27.
Habermas, J. (1972). Knowledge and human interests. London: Heinemann.
28.
Hailey, J. (1999). Ladybirds, missionaries and NGOs. Public Administration and Development, 19, 467-485.
29.
Hall, P.D. (1992). Inventing the nonprofit sector and other essays on philanthropy, voluntarism, and nonprofit organizations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
30.
Harris, M. (2001). The place of self and reflexivity in third sector scholarship: An exploration. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30, 747-760.
31.
Harriss, J. (2001). Depoliticizing development: The World Bank and social capital. New Delhi: Leftword .
32.
Hickey, S., & Mohan, G. (2005). Relocating participation within a radical politics of development. Development and Change, 36, 237-262.
33.
Kamat, S. (2003). The NGO phenomenon and political culture in the third world. Society for International Development, 46, 88-93.
34.
Kothari, U. (2001). Power knowledge and social control in participatory development. In B. Cooke & E. Kothari (Eds.), Participation, the new tyranny?London: Zed Books.
35.
Kothari, U. (2005). Authority and expertise: The professionalisation of international development and the ordering of dissent. Antipode, 37, 425-446.
36.
Lewis, D. (2001). The management of non-governmental developmental organizations. London: Routledge .
37.
Lewis, D. (2003). Theorizing the organization and management of non-governmental development organizations: Towards a composite approach. Public Management Review, 5, 325-344.
38.
Lewis, D. (2005). Individuals, organizations and public action: Trajectories of the "non-governmental" in development studies. In U. Kothari (Ed.), A radical history of development studies (pp. 200-221). London: Zed Books .
39.
Mageli, E. (2005). Exploring the NGO environment in Kolkata: The universe of Unnayan, Chinnamul and Sramajibi. The European Journal of Development Research, 17, 249-269.
Mercer, C. (2002). NGOs, civil society and democratization: A critical review of the literature. Progress in Development Studies , 2, 5-22.
42.
Mintzberg, H., & Srinivas, N. (2009). Juxtaposing helpers and doers: A framework of non-governmental organizations in development. Unpublished manuscript.
43.
Mohan, G. (2002). The disappointments of civil society: The politics of NGO intervention in Northern Ghana. Political Geography , 21, 125-154.
44.
Morris, S. (2000). Defining the nonprofit sector: Some lessons from history. Voluntas, 11, 25-43.
45.
Najam, A. (1996). Understanding the third sector: revisiting the prince, merchant and the citizen. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 7, 203-319.
46.
Najam, A. (2000). The four-C's of third sector-government relations: Cooperation, confrontation, complementarity, and co-optation. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 10, 375-396.
47.
Parfitt, T. (2002). The end of development? Modernity, post-modernity and development. London: Pluto.
48.
Parker, M. (2002). Against management: Organisation in the age of managerialism. Cambridge, UK: Polity .
49.
Pieterse, J.N. (2002). Development theory: Deconstructions/reconstructions . New Delhi: Sage.
50.
Rasmussen, D. (1996). Critical theory and philosophy. In D. Rasmussen (Ed.), Handbook of critical theory (pp. 11-38). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
51.
Roberts, S.M., Jones, J.P., & Frohling, O. (2005). NGOs and the globalization of managerialism: A research framework. World Development, 33, 1845-1864.
52.
Said, E. (1994). Representations of an intellectual. New York: Pantheon.
53.
Salamon, L., & Anheier, H.K. (1999). The third sector in the third world. In Lewis (Ed.), International perspectives on voluntary organizations. London: Earthscan.
54.
Scott, J.C. (1998). Seeing like a state: Why certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
55.
Selbin, E. (1997). Revolution in the real world: Bringing agency back in. In J. Foran (Ed.), Theorizing revolutions (pp. 123-136). New York: Routledge.
56.
Skocpol, T. (2003). Diminished democracy: From membership to management in American civic life. Norman: University of Oklahoma.
57.
Smith, S.R. (1994). Managing the challenges of government contracts . In R. D. Herman & Associates (Eds.), The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management (pp. 325-341). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
58.
Stiles, K. (2002). International support for NGOs in Bangladesh: Some unintended consequences. World Development, 30, 835-846.
59.
Thibault, R.E. (2007). Between survival and revolution: Another community development system is possible. Antipode, 39, 874-895.
60.
Uphoff, N. (1993). Grassroots organizations and NGOs in rural development: Opportunities with diminishing states and expanding markets. World Development, 21, 607-622.
61.
Uphoff, N. (1995). Why NGOs are not a third sector: A sectoral analysis with some thoughts on accountability, sustainability and evaluation. In M. Edwards & D. Hulme (Eds.), Non-governmental organizations- performance and accountability: Behind the magic bullet (pp. 17-30). London : Earthscan.
62.
Vakil, A.C. (1997). Confronting the classification problem: Toward a taxonomy of NGOs. World Development, 25, 2057-2070.
63.
van Krieken, R. (1998). Norbert Elias. London: Routledge .
64.
Young, D.R., Koenig, B.L., Najam, A. & Fisher, J. (1999). Strategy and structure in managing global associations . Voluntas, 10, 323-343.
65.
Willmott, H. (2003). Organization theory as a critical science? In H. Tsoukas & C. Knudsen (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of organization theory (pp. 88-112). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.