Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The effect of electron beam (e-beam) irradiation on the thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/ternary polyamide (EVA/tPA) blends was studied. The e-beam irradiation was carried out over a range of dose from 50 kGy to 500 kGy with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) as cross-linking coagents. With increasing irradiation dose, the gel fraction of the EVA/tPA blends increased significantly. After irradiated by e-beam at 500 kGy, the insoluble fraction of EVA/tPA blends with 3 parts per hundred rubber TMPTMA increased from 28% to 86%. The tensile strength of EVA/tPA/TMPTMA-3 (70/30/3) considerably increased up to 172% with a value of 10.01 MPa at 500 kGy due to an increase in cross-linking compared to the EVA/tPA/TAIC-3 (70/30/3) blend. However, the melting temperature and crystallization peak temperature of EVA/tPA blends decreased with increasing irradiation dose. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the irradiation cross-linking could improve the thermal stability of the EVA/tPA blends. The degradation kinetics of the EVA/tPA blends at elevated temperatures were studied using the Kissinger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Friedman methods. Irradiation cross-linked EVA/tPA blends exhibited a remarkable improvement in their oil resistance, with the identified improvement being most prominent in the EVA/tPA/TMPTMA-3 blend.

Keywords

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer ternary polyamide coagents blend electron beam irradiation cross-linking

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Manas

Ovsik

Mizera

, et al. The effect of irradiation on mechanical and thermal properties of selected types of polymers. Polymers 2018; 10: 158.

Mohaddespour

Ahmadi

Abolghassemi

, et al. Irradiation of poly (vinyl ester)/clay nanocomposites. J Compos Mater 2018; 52: 17–25.

Bhowmick

Vijayabaskar

. Electron beam curing of elastomers. Rubber Chem Technol 2006; 79: 402–428.

Spenadel

. Radiation crosslinking of polymer blends. Radiat Phys Chem 1979; 14: 683–697.

Entezam

Aghjeh

MKR

Ghaffari

. Electron beam irradiation induced compatibilization of immiscible polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate (PE/EVA) blends: mechanical properties and morphology stability. Radiat Phys Chem 2017; 131: 22–27.

Ahmad

Mohamad

Ratnam

, et al. Tensile properties and morphology of irradiated EVA/ENR-50/sepiolite nanocomposites. Key Eng Mater 2016; 694: 218–222.

Chowdhury

Sharma

Mahanwar

, et al. Vinyl acetate content and electron beam irradiation directed alteration of structure, morphology, and associated properties of EVA/EPDM blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2016; 133: 43468.

Dutta

Chatterjee

Dhara

, et al. Exploring the influence of electron beam irradiation on the morphology, physico-mechanical, thermal behaviour and performance properties of EVA and TPU blends. RSC Adv 2015; 5: 41563–41575.

Rudin

Mohamad

Ratnam

, et al. Electron beam crosslinking of EVA/ENR-50/HNTS nanocomposites in the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, TMPTA. Adv Mater Res 2014; 970: 84–87.

10.

Sefadi

Luyt

Pionteck

, et al. Effect of surfactant and electron treatment on the electrical and thermal conductivity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/expanded graphite composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015; 132: 42396.

11.

Wang

Zhou

Wang

, et al. Enhancement on physical properties of flame retarded ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/ferric pyrophosphate composites through electron beam irradiation. Compos Part B: Eng 2012; 43: 641–646.

12.

Sabet

Anuwar

MSB

. Calcium stearate and alumina trihydrate addition of irradiated LDPE, EVA and blends with electron beam. Appl Mech Mater 2013; 290: 31–37.

13.

Sabet

Soleimani

Hassan

, et al. The effect of addition EVA and LDPE-g-MAH on irradiated LDPE filled with metal hydroxides. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 2014; 53: 775–783.

14.

Bee

S-T

Hassan

Ratnam

, et al. Investigation of nano-size montmorillonite on electron beam irradiated flame retardant polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate blends. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 2013; 299: 42–50.

15.

Sabet

Hassan

Ratnam

. Electron beam irradiation of low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate filled with metal hydroxides for wire and cable applications. Polym Degrad Stabil 2012; 97: 1432–1437.

16.

Zarandi

Bioki

. Thermal and mechanical properties of blends of LDPE and EVA crosslinked by electron beam radiation. Eur Phys J-Appl Phys 2013; 63: 21101.

17.

Chowdhury

Sabharwal

Sarma

. Development of recyclable electron beam radiation crosslinked LDPE/’EVA-embedded nanoclay’ nanocomposites. J Reinf Plast Compos 2012; 31: 1426–1434.

18.

Sabet

Hassan

Ratnam

. Electron-beam irradiation of low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blends. J Polym Eng 2013; 33: 149–161.

19.

Sabet

Soleimani

Hassan

, et al. Effects of calcium stearate and metal hydroxide additions on the irradiated LDPE/EVA compound properties. J Polym Eng 2013; 33: 651–657.

20.

Norazlina

Faridah

Ratnam

, et al. Irradiation modification of epoxidized natural rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. Adv Mater Res 2012; 364: 196–201.

21.

Wang

Hong

Shi

, et al. Comparative study on the effect of electron beam irradiation on the physical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composites. Radiat Phys Chem 2014; 97: 284–291.

22.

Cui

Zhang

. Effect of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical and thermal properties of ternary polyamide copolymer. Macromol Res 2018; 26: 359–364.

23.

Kissinger

. Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis. Anal Chem 1957; 29: 1702–1706.

24.

Ozawa

. A new method of analyzing thermogravimetric data. Bull Chem Soc Japan 1965; 38: 1881–1886.

25.

Friedman

. Kinetics and gaseous products of thermal decomposition of polymers. J Macromol Sci—Chem 1967; 1: 57–79.

26.

Ratnam

Nasir

Baharin

, et al. Evidence of irradiation-induced crosslinking in miscible blends of poly (vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber in presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 2001; 81: 1914–1925.

27.

Yao

. Photoinitiated crosslinking of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and characterization of related properties. Polym Eng Sci 2007; 47: 1761–1767.

28.

Babu

Singha

Naskar

. Interrelationships of morphology, thermal and mechanical properties in uncrosslinked and dynamically crosslinked PP/EOC and PP/EPDM blends. Exp Polym Lett 2010; 4: 197–209.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.82 MB

0.00 MB

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/polyamide blends

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References

Supplementary Material