Charles Creighton (1847–1927): Eminent Medical Historian but Vehement Anti-Jennerian

Bulloch W. The late Dr Charles Creighton. Lancet 1927; ii: 250–1

Greenwood M. Charles Creighton, md . BMJ 1927; ii: 240–1

Bulloch W. Charles Creighton, ma, m.d., Aberdeen Univ Rev. 1928; 15: 112–18

Underwood EA . Charles Creighton M.A., M.D. (1847–1927): scholar, historian and epidemiologist. Proc R Soc Med. 1948; 41: 869–76

Underwood EA . Charles Creighton, the man and his work. In: A History of Epidemics in Britain (2nd edn). London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1965: vol. 1, pp. 41–135

M'Vail JC . Dr Creighton on vaccination: a review. Edinburgh Med J 1889–90; 35: 142–9, 249–56, 347–55, 656–67, 953–60

Creighton C. A History of Epidemics in Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1891, 1894: 706 883

Creighton C (with additional material by Eversley DEC, Underwood EA, Ovenall L). A History of Epidemics in Britain (2nd edn). London: Frank Cass and Co. Ltd, 1965: 706 883

Creighton C. The Natural History of Cow-Pox and Vaccinal Syphilis. London: Cassell & Co. Ltd, 1887: 160

Creighton C. Jenner and Vaccination: A Strange Chapter of Medical History. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1889: 360

Dr Jan Ingen-housz frs (1730–1799) was born at Breda, The Netherlands, and studied medicine at Leuven University (1746–52) – see Furukawa A. Medical History Through Postage Stamps. Tokyo: Ishiyaku EuroAmerican Inc., 1994: 150. He also studied medicine and botany at Leiden, Paris, and Edinburgh. Having learned the technique of variolation under Thomas Dimsdale (1712–1800), he performed it successfully on three surviving children of the Empress Maria Theresia in Vienna in 1760; after this he was appointed court physician, and during 1768–72 travelled to Italy, Switzerland, The Netherlands, France, Hungary, and Bohemia, teaching variolation. Further details are given by Jenkins JS. The English inoculator: Jan Ingen-Housz. J R Soc Med. 1999; 92: 534–7

Arrizabalaga J Henderson J French R. The Great Pox: The French Disease in Renaissance Europe. London: Yale University Press, 1997: 352

Cook GC . Dr William Woodville (1752–1805) and the St Pancras Smallpox Hospital. J Med Biog 1996; 4: 71–8

Swales JD . The Leicester anti-vaccination movement. Lancet 1992; 340: 1019–21

Cook GC . From the Greenwich Hulks to Old St Pancras: A History of Tropical Disease in London. London: Athlone Press, 1992: 6–8

Ovenall L. A select bibliography of epidemiological literature since 1894. In: Creighton C. A History of Epidemics in Britain (2nd edn). London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd, 1965: vol. 1, pp. 137–66