The author traces the roots of social trap situations (of which PRISONER'S DILEMMA is a prime example) to A. A. Cournot's duopoly model. The discovery of the game in 1950 has led to a wave of theoretical and experimental investigations, which still continues, shedding light on important aspects of social behavior and on the evolution of cooperation in the biosphere.
Axelrod, R.
(1984) The evolution of cooperation. New York: Academic Press.
2.
Chammah, A. M. (1969). Sex differences, strategy, and communication in mixed motive games. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Michigan.
3.
Cournot, A. A.
(1838). Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses. Paris: Chez L. Hachette.
4.
Flood, M. M.
(1952). Some experimental games. Research Memorandum RM-789-1. Santa Monica, CA: Rand.
5.
Maynard Smyth, J.
& Price, C. R. (1973). The logic of animal conflict. Nature246 (November 2): 15-18.
6.
Pringle, J. W. S.
(1956). On the parallel between learning and evolution. General Systems, 1, 90-110.
7.
Rapoport, A.
(1947). A mathematical theory of motivation interaction of two individuals. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 9 (1), 47-61.
8.
Rapoport, A.
, & Chammah, A. (1965). Prisoner's dilemma: A study of conflict and cooperation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
9.
Rashevsky, N.
(1947). A problem in mathematical biophysics of interaction of two or more individuals. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 9 (1), 9-15.
10.
Wychman, H.
(1970). Effects of isolation and communication in a two-person game. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 114-130.