Male breast carcinomas (MBCs) are rare neoplasms that account for 0.1% of all male cancers. Still, there are 2000 new cases of MCB diagnosed annually in the United States. Because of its rarity, data regarding the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of MBC are limited. MBC shares some similarities with female breast carcinoma (FBC). This review will address the important clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular features, genetics, management, and prognosis of MBC.
YenPPSinhaNBarnesPJButtRIlesS. Benign and malignant male breast diseases: radiologic and pathologic correlation. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2015;66:198-207.
2.
LattinGEJesingerRAMattuRGlassmanLM. From the radiologic pathology archives: diseases of the male breast: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2013;33:461-489.
3.
AndersonWFJatoiITseJRosenbergPS. Male breast cancer: a population-based comparison with female breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:232-239.
4.
PattenDKSharifiLKFazelM. New approaches in the management of male breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2013;13:309-314.
5.
CulellPSolernouLTarazonaJ. Male breast cancer: a multicentric study. Breast J. 2007;13:213-215.
6.
RuddyKJWinerEP. Male breast cancer: risk factors, biology, diagnosis, treatment and survivorship. Ann Oncol. 2013;24:1434-1443.
7.
BrintonLAKeyTJKolonelLN. Prediagnostic sex steroid hormones in relation to male breast cancer risk. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2041-2050.
8.
BrintonLACookMBMcCormackV. Anthropometric and hormonal risk factors for male breast cancer: male breast cancer pooling project results. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(3):djt465. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt465.
9.
TavassoliFAEusebiV. Male breast cancer, major variants of carcinoma. In: Tumors of the Mammary Gland (AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Series 4) 1st ed. American Registry of Pathology; 2009:151-152, 372.
10.
TangPYangSZhongX. Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma in a 19-year-old man: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13:19. doi:10.1186/s12957-015-0442-8.
11.
MasciGCarusoMCarusoF. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics in male breast cancer: a retrospective case series. Oncologist. 2015;20:586-592.
12.
ChoudhuryBBright-ThomasR. Paget’s disease of the male breast with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (‘DCIS’). J Surg Case Rep. 2015(4). doi:10.1093/jscr/rjv037.
13.
HittmairAPLiningerRATavassoliFA. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the male breast: a morphologic study of 84 cases of pure DCIS and 30 cases of DCIS associated with invasive carcinoma—a preliminary report. Cancer. 1998; 83:2139-2149.
14.
KornegoorRVerschuur-MaesAHBuergerH. Molecular subtyping of male breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. Mod Pathol. 2012;25:398-404.
15.
BloomKJGovilHGattusoPReddyVFrancescattiD. Status of HER-2 in male and female breast carcinoma. Am J Surg. 2001; 182:389-392.
16.
VermeulenJFKornegoorRVan der wallEVan der groepPVan diestPJ. Differential expression of growth factor receptors and membrane-bound tumor markers for imaging in male and female breast cancer. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53353. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053353.
17.
TeohZHArchampongDGateT. Breast cancer in male-to-female (MtF) transgender patients: is hormone receptor negativity a feature?BMJ Case Rep. 2015. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-209396.
18.
de JuanIPalancaSDomenechA. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in males with familial breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Results of a Spanish multicenter study. Fam Cancer. 2015; 14:505-513.
19.
DebSWongSQLiJ. Mutational profiling of familial male breast cancers reveals similarities with luminal A female breast cancer with rare TP53 mutations. Br J Cancer. 2014;111:2351-2360.
20.
ZhouRYuLZhouS. Male breast carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characterization study. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7:6852-6861.
21.
Di OtoEMontiVCucchiMCMasettiRVargaZFoschiniMP. X chromosome gain in male breast cancer. Hum Pathol. 2015;46:1908-1912.
22.
GattusoPReddyVBGreenLCastelliMHaleyDHermanC. Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in male breast carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 32 cases.Cancer. 1992; 70:777-780.
23.
JohanssonILaussMHolmK. Genome methylation patterns in male breast cancer—identification of an epitype with hypermethylation of polycomb target genes. Mol Oncol. 2015; 9:1565-1579.
24.
FassanMBaffaRPalazzoJP. MicroRNA expression profiling of male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(4):R58. doi:10.1186/bcr2348.
25.
GradisharWJ. Breast cancer in men. In: HayesDFChagparAB eds. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: Wolters Kluwer; 2016.
26.
AbreuMHGomesMMenezesF. CYP2D6*4 polymorphism: a new marker of response to hormonotherapy in male breast cancer?Breast. 2015; 24:481-486.
27.
OgerASBoukerrouMCutuliB. Male breast cancer: prognostic factors, diagnosis and treatment: a multi-institutional survey of 95 cases. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2015; 43:290-296.
28.
AndersonJReddyVBGreenL. Role of expression of cell cycle inhibitor p27 and MIB-1 in predicting lymph node metastasis in male breast carcinoma. Breast J. 2002; 8:101-107.
29.
WickMRSayadiHRitterJHHillDAReddyVBGattusoP. Low-stage carcinoma of the male breast. A histologic, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric comparison with localized female breast carcinoma.Am J Clin Pathol. 1999; 111:59-69.
