The Five-Factor Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) is a recently developed measure of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) based on an established dimensional model of general personality, the five-factor model. The present study aimed to evaluate the construct validity of the FFOCI by examining its associations with both traditional and dimensional diagnostic models of OCPD. This study used an archival data set of mental health patients that employed a multimethod design. A total of 214 individuals (and their nominated informants) completed various personality inventories indexing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders–Fifth edition traditional and Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) diagnostic criteria for OCPD, as well as other individual AMPD personality traits deemed conceptually relevant to the FFOCI. The results were generally quite supportive of construct validity. They showed that FFOCI scale scores converged with traditional measures of OCPD and AMPD–OCPD traits and impairment in a conceptually expected manner, with a few exceptions. Overall, it was clear from these findings that the FFOCI takes a broader and more comprehensive approach to the assessment of obsessive–compulsive than traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and AMPD operationalizations.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Author.
2.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Author.
3.
AndersonJ.SniderS.SellbomM.KruegerR.HopwoodC. (2014). A comparison of the DSM-5 Section II and Section III personality disorder structure. Psychiatry Research, 216(3), 363-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.007
4.
AndersonJ. L.SellbomM.SalekinR. T. (2018), Utility of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in the measurement of maladaptive personality and psychopathology. Assessment, 25(5), 596-607. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116676889
5.
ArmstrongR. A. (2014). When to use the Bonferroni correction. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 34(5), 502-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12131
6.
AshtonM. C.LeeK. (2008). The prediction of Honesty-Humility-related criteria by the HEXACO and Five-Factor Models of personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(5), 1216-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.006
BachB.SellbomM.KongerslevM.SimonsenE.KruegerR. F.MudlerR. (2017). Deriving ICD-11 personality disorder domains from dsm-5 traits: Initial attempt to harmonize two diagnostic systems. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136(1), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12748
9.
BagbyM. R.WidigerT. A. (2018). Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder scales: An introduction to a special section on assessment of maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 30(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000523
10.
BastiaensT.SmitsD.De HertM.VanwalleghemD.ClaesL. (2016). DSM-5 Section III personality traits and Section II personality disorders in a Flemish community sample. Psychiatry Research, 238(April), 290-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.056
11.
CostaP. T.McCraeR. R. (1992). Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5
CregoC.SleepC. E.WidigerT. A. (2016). Clinicians’ judgments of the clinical utility of personality disorder trait descriptions. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000424
14.
de ReusR.EmmelkampP. (2010). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A review of current empirical findings. Personality and Mental Health, 6(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.144
15.
DiaconuG.TureckiG. (2009). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and suicidal behavior: Evidence for a positive association in a sample of depressed patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(11), 1551-1556. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04636
16.
Fernandez-MontalvoJ.Echeburua. (2008). Personality disorders and psychopathy in men convicted for severe intimate partner violence. Psicothema, 20(2), 193-198.
17.
FirstM. B.GibbonM.SpitzerR. L.WilliamsJ. B. W.BenjaminL. S. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). American Psychiatric Press.
18.
FossatiA.KruegerR. F.MarkonK. E.BorroniS.MaffeiC. (2013). Reliability and validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): Predicting DSM-IV personality disorders and psychopathy in community-dwelling Italian adults. Assessment, 20(6), 689-708. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113504984
19.
FreudS. (1908). Character and anal eroticism. Hogarth & IPA.
20.
GrantB. F.StinsonF. S.DawsonD. A.ChouS. P.DufourM. C.ComptonW.PickeringR. P.KaplanK. (2004). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(8), 807-816. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807
21.
GriffinS. A.SuzukiT.LynamD. R.CregoC.WidigerT. A.MillerJ. D.SamuelD. B. (2018). Development and examination of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Short Form. Assessment, 25(1), 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116643818
22.
HaiglerE. D.WidigerT. A. (2001). Experimental manipulation of NEO-PI-R Items. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77(2), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7702_14
23.
HopwoodC. J.ThomasK. M.MarkonK. E.WrightA. G.KrugerR. F. (2012). DSM-5 personality traits and DSM-IV personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(2), 424-432. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026656
24.
HylerS. E. (1994). Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (4th ed.). New York State Psychiatric Institute.
25.
KlonskyE. D.OltmannsT. F. (2002). Informant-reports of personality disorder: Relation to self-reports and future research directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(3), 300-311. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/9.3.300
26.
KlosowskiM.CieciuchJ.StrusW. (2019). The Polish Adaption of the Five-Factor Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Short Form (FFOCI-SF): A preliminary study. Health Psychology Report, 7(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2019.84214
27.
KruegerR. F.DerringerJ.MarkonK. E.SkodolA. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1879-1890. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002674
28.
LazareA.KlermanG. L.ArmorD. J. (1970). Oral, obsessive and hysterical personality patterns. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 7(4), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(70)90021-X
29.
LiggettJ.SellbomM. (2018). Examining the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders operationalization of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder in a mental health sample. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(5), 397-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000285
30.
LiggettJ.SellbomM.CarmichaelK. L. C. (2017). Examining the DSM-5 Section III criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a community sample. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31(6), 780-809. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2017_31_281
31.
MaplesJ. L.NathanC. T.LaurenF. R.CregoC.GoreW.SamuelD. B.WilliamsonR. L.LynamD. R.WidigerT. A.MarkonK. E.KreugerR. F.MillerJ. D. (2015). Testing whether the DSM-5 personality disorder trait model can be measured with a reduced set of items: An items response theory investigation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Assessment, 27(4), 1195-1210. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000120
32.
MarkonK. E.QuiltyL. C.BagbyR. M.KruegerR. F. (2013). The development and psychometric properties of an informant-report form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Assessment, 20(3), 370-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113486513
33.
McCraeR. R.CostaP. T.Jr. (2008). Empirical and theoretical status of the Five-Factor Model of personality traits. In BoyleG. J.MatthewsG.SaklofskeD. H. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment: Personality theories and models (Vol. 1., pp. 273-294). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200462.n13
34.
RossiA.MarinangeliM. G.ButtiG.KalyvokaA.PetruzziC. (2000). Pattern of comorbidity among anxious and odd personality disorders: The case of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. CNS Spectrums, 5(9), 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900021623
35.
SamuelD. B.CostaP. T. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In WidigerT.A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 566-581). Oxford University Press. https/doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199735013.013.0026
36.
SamuelD. B.RiddellA. D. B.LynamD. R.MillerJ. D.WidigerT. A. (2012). A five-factor measure of obsessive–compulsive personality traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 456-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.677885
37.
SamuelD. B.WidigerT. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and the DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(8), 1326-1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2008.07.002
38.
SamuelD. B.WidigerT. A. (2010). A comparison of obessive-compulsive personality disorder scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891003670182
39.
SamuelD. B.WidigerT. A. (2011). Conscientiousness and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2(3), 161-174.
40.
SellbomM.Solomon-KrakusS.bachB.BagbyR. M. (2020). Validation of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) algorithms to assess ICD-11 personality trait domains in a psychiatric sample. Psychological Assessment, 32(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000746
41.
SteinD. J.StoneM. H. (1997). Essential papers on obsessive-compulsive disorder. New York University Press.
42.
TrullT. J.JahngS.TomkoR. L.WoodP. K.SherK. J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 412-426. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2010.24.4.412
43.
TrullT. J.WidigerT. A. (2013). Dimensional models of personality: The five-factor model and the DSM-5. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15(2), 135-146. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.2/ttrull
44.
TyrerP.ReedG.CrawfordM. J. (2015). Classification, assessment, prevalence, and effect of personality disorder. Lancet, 385(9969), 717-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61995-4
45.
VolkertJ.GablonskiT. C.RabungS. (2018). Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 709-715. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.202
46.
WattersC. A.BagbyR. M.SelbomM. (2019). Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders. Personality disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000307
47.
WidigerT. A.LynamD. R.MillerJ. D.OltmannsT. F. (2012). Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 450-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.677887
48.
WidigerT. A.TrullT. J. (2007). Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist Journal, 62(2), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.71
49.
World Health Organization. (2018). International Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (11th Rev.). Author.
