Ensuring the safety of construction workers is a key concern in construction projects. Previous studies have highlighted various factors influencing worker safety behavior. This study aims to identify significant factors affecting workers’ behavior-based safety (BBS) and develop a model to clarify their relationships in state-owned construction projects in Vietnam. A literature review and expert survey defined the research problem, followed by data collection through a structured questionnaire distributed to stakeholders. The results revealed the factors moderately affecting safety performance, focusing on worker characteristics, management capacity, and working conditions. Key factors found from the frequency indices (FI) include safety regulation violations (FI = 0.676), unreasonable worker arrangement (FI = 0.708), and lack of innovation in safety and construction techniques (FI = 0.733). The study then introduced system dynamics-based models to assess the relationships of the factors. By understanding these factors, managers and supervisors can implement targeted policies to improve safety practices.
AdraI.GigaS.HardyC.LekaS. (2024). What is safety leadership? A systematic review of definitions. Journal of Safety Research, 90, 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2024.04.001
2.
Al-BayatiA. J.RenerA. T.ListelloM. P.MohamedM. (2023). PPE non-compliance among construction workers: An assessment of contributing factors utilizing fuzzy theory. Journal of Safety Research, 85, 242–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.02.008
3.
AvolioB. J.GardnerW. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.001
4.
BlackmonR. B.GramopadhyeA. K. (1995). Improving construction safety by providing positive feedback on backup alarms. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 121(2), 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1995)121:2(166)
5.
CharehzehiA.AhankoobA. (2012). Enhancement of safety performance at construction site. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 5(1), 303–312.
6.
ChenQ.JinR. (2012). Safety4Site commitment to enhance jobsite safety management and performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(4), 509–519. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000453
7.
ChoiB.AhnS.LeeS. (2017). Construction workers’ group norms and personal standards regarding safety behavior: Social identity theory perspective. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(4), 04017001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000511
8.
ChoudhryR. M. (2014). Behavior-based safety on construction sites: A case study. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 70, 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.007
9.
ChoudhryR. M.FangD. (2008). Why operatives engage in unsafe work behavior: Investigating factors on construction sites. Safety Science, 46(4), 566–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.01.001
10.
ChoudhryR. M.FangD.LingardH. (2009). Measuring safety climate of a construction company. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(9), 890–899. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000063
ChristianM. S.BradleyJ. C.WallaceJ. C.BurkeM. J. (2009). Workplace safety: A meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1103–1127. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016172
FangD.ChenY.WongL. (2006). Safety climate in the construction industry: A case study in Hong Kong. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(6), 573–584. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:6(573)
17.
FangD.WuC.WuH. (2015). Impact of the supervisor on worker safety behavior in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(6), 04015001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000355
18.
GamilY.AlhagarA. (2020). The impact of pandemic crisis on the survival of construction industry: A case of COVID-19. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 11(4), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0047
19.
GaoY.GonzálezV. A.YiuT. W. (2020). Exploring the relationship between construction workers’ personality traits and safety behavior. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(34019111). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.000176
20.
GillenM.BaltzD.GasselM.KirschL.VaccaroD. (2002). Perceived safety climate, job demands, and co-worker support among union and nonunion injured construction workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 42(5), 431–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10058
21.
GriffinM. A.HuX. (2013). How leaders differentially motivate safety compliance and safety participation: The role of monitoring, inspiring, and learning. Safety Science, 60, 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.019
22.
GriffinM. A.NealA. (2000). Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.3.347
23.
GuoB. H. W.GohY. M.WongK. L. X. (2018). A system dynamics view of a behavior-based safety program in the construction industry. Safety Science, 104, 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.01.014
24.
GuoB. H. W.YiuT. W.GonzálezV. A. (2016). Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry: Development and test of an integrative model. Safety Science, 84, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.11.020
25.
GyekyeS. A.SalminenS. (2009). Educational status and organizational safety climate: Does educational attainment influence workers’ perceptions of workplace safety?Safety Science, 47(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.12.007
26.
HaD. K. (2024). A model of factors influencing safety behaviour and awareness among Vietnamese construction workers. Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam, 66(4), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJSTE.2024.0038
27.
HanY.JinR.WoodH.YangT. (2019). Investigation of demographic factors in construction employees’ safety perceptions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(7), 2815–2828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-2044-4
28.
HanY.LiJ.CaoX.JinR. (2020). Structural equation modeling approach to studying the relationships among safety investment, construction employees’ safety cognition, and behavioral performance. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(7), 04020065. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001858
29.
HanY.YinZ.LiuJ.JinR.GidadoK.PaintingN.YangY.YanL. (2019). Defining and testing a safety cognition framework incorporating safety hazard perception. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(12), 04019081. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001718
30.
HeC.McCabeB.JiaG.SunJ. (2019). Effects of safety climate and safety behavior on safety outcomes between supervisors and construction workers. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 146(1), 04019092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.00017
31.
HSE(Health Safety Executive), 2002. Strategies to promote safe behavior as part of a health and safety management system. Contract Research Report430/2002. HSE, Merseyside, UK.
HoangN. H. G. (2016). Proposing technical measures for occupational safety in construction in Vinh Long Province, Master's thesis. Hanoi University of Architecture. (Vietnamese).
34.
HuX.GriffinM. A.BertuleitM. (2016). Modelling antecedents of safety compliance: Incorporating theory from the technological acceptance model. Safety Science, 87, 292–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.12.01
35.
HussainR.ZaidiS. F. A.PedroA.LeeH.ParkC. (2024). Exploring construction workers’ attention and awareness in diverse virtual hazard scenarios to prevent struck-by accidents. Safety Science, 175, 106526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106526
36.
KimS.LeeH.HwangS.YiJ. S.SonJ. (2022). Construction workers’ awareness of safety information depending on physical and mental load. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 21(3), 1067–1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.1908899
37.
LeeB.HongS.KimH. (2023). Determination of workers’ compliance to safety regulations using a spatio-temporal graph convolution network. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 56, 101942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2023.101942
38.
LeeC.JaafarY. (2012). Prioritization of factors influencing safety performance on construction sites: A study based on grade seven (G7) main contractors’ perspectives. International Proceedings of Economics Development & Research, 57(2), 6–12. https://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3399/1/CK_LEE_ICBMG_Paper.pdf
39.
LiH.LuM.HsuS.-C.GrayM.HuangT. (2015). Proactive behavior-based safety management for construction safety improvement. Safety Science, 75, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.01.013
40.
LiS.XiangX. (2011). The establishment of cause-system of poor construction site safety and priority analysis from different perspectives. International Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, 5(9), 378–382. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1332520
41.
LingardH.RowlinsonS. (2015). Occupational health and safety in construction management. Spon Press.
42.
McSweenT. E. (2003). Values-based safety process: Improving your safety culture with behavior-based safety. John Wiley & Sons.
43.
MohammadfamI.KamaliniaM.MomeniM.GolmohammadiR.HamidiY.SoltanianA. (2017). Evaluation of the quality of occupational health and safety management systems based on key performance indicators in certified organizations. Safety and Health at Work, 8(2), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.09.001
44.
MohammadiA.TavakolanM.KhosraviY. (2018). Factors influencing safety performance on construction projects: A review. Safety Science, 109, 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.06.017
45.
MorrowS. L.McGonagleA. K.Dove-SteinkampM. L.C. T.MarmetM.Barnes-FarrellJ. L. (2010). Relationships between psychological safety climate facets and safety behavior in the rail industry: A dominance analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(5), 1460-1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.011
46.
NealA.GriffinM. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 946–953. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.946
47.
NguyenP. T.NguyenP. C. (2020). Risk management in engineering and construction: A case study in design-build projects in Vietnam. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 10(1), 5237–5241. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3286
48.
NguyenT. H.PhamT. T.TranH. T. (2016). Health and safety management practices of contractors in South East Asia: A review. Safety Science, 88, 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.04.003
49.
OostakhanM.MofidiA.Davudian TalabA. (2012). Behavior-based safety approach at a large construction site in Iran. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 10(1), 21–25. https://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html
50.
PhamT. T. M.QuangV. P.TuanP. A. (2019). A legal framework and compliance with construction safety laws and regulations in Vietnam. In Construction Safety and Health Management, 65–80. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003338130-5
51.
SawhneyG.CigularovK. P. (2019). Examining attitudes, norms, and control toward safety behaviors as mediators in the leadership-safety motivation relationship. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9538-9
52.
SawickiM.SzóstakM. (2020). Impact of alcohol on occupational health and safety in the construction industry at workplaces with scaffoldings. Applied Sciences, 10(19), 6690. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196690
53.
Senthamizh SankarS.AnandhK. S. (2024). Building safer workplaces: Unveiling the impact of safety leadership styles in the construction industry. Administrative Sciences, 14(9), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14090212
54.
ShenY.JuC.KohT. Y.RowlinsonS.BridgeA. J. (2017). The impact of transformational leadership on safety climate and individual safety behavior on construction sites. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010045
55.
ShinD. P.GwakH. S.LeeD. E. (2015). Modeling the predictors of safety behavior in construction workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics: JOSE, 21(3), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2015.1085164
56.
ShinM.LeeH. S.ParkM.MoonM.HanS. (2014). A system dynamics approach for modeling construction workers safety attitudes and behaviors. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 68, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.019
57.
StermanJ. (2000). Business dynamics - systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Mcgraw-Hill.
58.
TamC. M.ZengS. X.DengZ. M. (2004). Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China. Safety science, 42(7), 569–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2003.09.001
TungB. T. (2016). Solutions to improve poor safety performance at construction sites in Ho Chi Minh City, Builders Magazine. https://nguoixaydung.com.vn/
62.
WangJ.-M.LiaoP.-C.YuG.-B. (2021). The mediating role of job competence between safety participation and behavioral compliance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115783
63.
WuY.XuQ.JiangJ.LiY.JiM.YouX. (2023). The influence of safety-specific transformational leadership on safety behavior among Chinese airline pilots: The role of harmonious safety passion and organizational identification. Safety Science, 166, 106254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106254
64.
XiaN.TangY.LiD.PanA. (2021). Safety behavior among construction workers: Influences of personality and leadership. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 147(4), 04021019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002023
65.
ZhangM.FangD. (2013). A continuous behavior-based safety strategy for persistent safety improvement in construction industry. Automation in Construction, 34, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.10.019
66.
ZhangP.LiN.FangD.WuH. (2017). Supervisor-focused behavior-based safety method for the construction industry: Case study in Hong Kong. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 143(7), 05017006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001294
67.
ZhaoX.YanD. (2023). Incorporating technological acceptance model into safety compliance of construction workers in Australia. Safety Science, 163, 106127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106127
68.
ZhouZ.GohY. M.LiQ. (2015). Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry. Safety Science, 72, 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.10.006
69.
ZidC.KasimN.BenseghirH.KabirM. N.IbrahimA. B. (2018). Developing an effective conceptual framework for safety behaviour in construction industry. In E3S Web of Conferences (65, p. 0300w). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186503006
70.
ZulkefleeA. A.FaisolN.IsmailF.IsmailN. A. A. (2022). Safety compliances enhancement: Foreign labours behaviour in the Malaysian construction site. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 27(1), 153–171. https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2022.27.1.9
