This article discusses the significant influence DVD is having on translation from the perspective of translation studies. Focusing on the language support functionality afforded by this new medium, the author outlines the type of language options commonly provided on DVD film titles of fictional genres and examines the changes introduced by DVDs in relation to translation requirements and new possibilities opening up for translation research. Despite the scant attention paid by media and film studies, the author maintains that the language support functionality afforded by DVD is significant and argues that the approach treating language options as an essential add-on feature of DVD offers a productive research direction in the light of continuing globalization of audiovisual content.
Armstrong, S., Caffrey, C. and Flanagan, M. (2006) `Translating DVD Subtitles English—German and English—Japanese, Using Example-Based Machine Translation', paper presented at Multidimensional Translation (MuTra) — EU High Level Scientific Conference Series, 1—5 May, Copenhagen, Denmark.
2.
Bogucki, L. (2004) `Aural Subtitling: Is there a Future for Home-Made Captions?', paper given at the International Conference on Audiovisual Translation : In So Many Words, 6—7 February, University of London.
3.
Carroll, M. (2004) `Subtitling: Changing Standards for New Media?', URL (accessed October 2006): http://www.translationdirectory.com/article422.htm
4.
Chandler, H. (2005) The Game Localization Handbook. Hingham, MA: Charles River Media.
5.
Cubbison, L. (2005) `Anime Fans, DVDs, and the Authentic Text', The Velvet Light Trap56 (fall): 45—56.
6.
Díaz-Cintas, J. (2004) `In Search of a Theoretical Framework for the Study of Audiovisual Translation', in P. Orelo (ed.) Topics in Audiovisual Translation, pp. 21—34. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing.
7.
Esselink, B. (2000) A Practical Guide to Localization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
8.
Fry, D. ( 2003) The Localization Primer (2nd edn, revised by Arle Lommel), URL (consulted May 2006) http://www.lisa.org
9.
Gambier, Y. (2005) `Is Audiovisual Translation the Future of Translation Studies?'. A keynote address presented at the International Conference Between Text and Image: Updating Research in Screen Translation , held 27—29 October 2005, University of Bologna at Forli.
10.
Gambier, Y. (2006) `Multimodality and Audiovisual Translation (AVT) '. A plenary lecture given at Multidimensional Translation (MuTra) — EU High Level Scientific Conference Series, 1—5 May 2006, Copenhagen, Denmark.
11.
Gibson, J.J. (1979) The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. (Currently published by Lawrence Eribaum, Hillsdale, NJ.)
12.
Kayahara, M. (2005) `The Digital Revolution: DVD Technology and the Possibilities for Audiovisual Translation Studies', Journal of Specialised Translation03 (January): 64—73.
13.
Kenny, C. (2001) Lexis and Creativity in Translation. A Corpus-Based StudyManchester: St Jerome.
14.
Klinger, B. (2005) Keynote address given at the International Seminar on DVDs held at the University of Warwick, 23 April 2005.
15.
Kohlmeier, B. (2000) `Microsoft Encarta Goes Multilingual', in R.C. Sprung (ed.) Translating into Success: Cutting-Edge Strategies for going Multilingual in a Global Age , pp. 1—12. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing.
16.
Mangiron, C. (2004) `Localising Final Fantasy — Bringing Fantasy to Reality', LISA NewsletterXIII 1.3. URL (accessed December 2006): http://www.lisa.org/archive/newsletters/2004/1 .3/mangiron.html.
17.
Mangiron, C. and O'Hagan, M. (2006) `Game Localisation: Unleashing Imagination with “Restricted Translation”', Journal of Specialised Translation06: 10—21. URL (consulted July 2006) http://www.jostrans.org/issue06/art_ohagan.php#abstract
18.
Newman, J. (2004) Videogames. New York and London: Routledge.
19.
O'Connell, E. (1998) `Choices and Constraints in Screen Translation ', in L. Bowker, M. Cronin, D. Kenny and J. Pearson (eds) Unity in Diversity? Current Trends in TranslationStudies, pp. 65—71. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
20.
O'Hagan, M. (2003a) `Middle Earth Poses Challenges to Japanese Subtitling ', LISA NewsletterXII 1.5. URL (accessed November 2006): http://www.lisa.org/archive/newsletters/2003/1.5/ohagan.html
21.
O'Hagan, M. (2003b) `Can Language Technology Respond to the Subtitler's Dilemma?', in Translating and the Computer 25. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Translating and the Computer, London, November. London: Aslib.
22.
O'Hagan, M. (2005) `A Game Plan for Audiovisual Translation in the Age of GILT', in Proceedings of Multidimensional Translation (MuTra), p. 49. EU High Level Scientific Conference Series, 2—6 May 2005, Saarbrücken, Germany.
23.
O'Hagan, M. and Mangiron, C. (2004) `Game Localization: When “Arigato” Gets Lost in Translation', in S. King (ed.) Proceedings of New Zealand Game Developers Conference Fuse 2004, pp. 57—62. Dunedin: University of Otago.
24.
Okada, S. (2006) Keynote address given in the Audiovisual Translation Forum held in Tokyo, February. URL (accessed December 2006): http://www.wiseinfinity.com/forum_2006.html
25.
Orero, P. (2004) `Audiovisual Translation: A New Dynamic Umbrella ', in P. Orero (ed.) Topics in Audiovisual Translation, pp vii—xiii. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing.
26.
Salway, A. (in press) `A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Language of Audio Description ', to be published in Selected Proceedings of Media for All . Amsterdam: Rodopi. See URL (accessed December 2006): http://www.computing.surrey.ac.uk/personal/pg/A.Salway/publications.html
27.
Sánchez, D. (2004) `Subtitling Methods and Team-Translation', in P. Orero (ed.) Topics in Audiovisual Translation, pp. 9—17. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing.
28.
Skuggevik, E. (2004) `The Training of Subtitlers: Is Quality Quantifiable ?'. A paper given at the International Conference on Audiovisual Translation: In So Many Words, held at the University of London 6—7 February.
29.
Smith, J. (2005) `DVDs and the Political Economy of Attention', paper given at the International Seminar on DVDs held at the University of Warwick, 23 April 2005.
