• In the professional news media, invitations to submit photos and video material are the most common means of allowing citizens to participate in the content production, as opposed to merely commenting on professional material. Based on interviews with leading journalists in different media in the Netherlands, this study examines how professional journalists respond to the phenomenon of amateur photography, how it is assessed in terms of journalism’s values and how amateur images are used in the established news media, both in the online context and in the broadcast or print context. 1 Our primary question is what amateur photography means for ‘participatory journalism’, understood in terms of conversation, collaboration and the democratization of news media. •
Andén-Papadopoulos, K. ( 2008) ‘The Abu Graib Torture Photographs: News Frames, Visual Culture, and the Power of Images’, Journalism9(1): 5-30.
2.
Bakker, P. and O. Scholten ( 2007) Communicatiekaart van Nederland. Overzicht van media en communicatie. Amsterdam: Kluwer .
3.
Amsterdam: Kluwer.Barthes, R. ( 1980) Camera Lucida. New York: Hill and Wang.
4.
Becker, K. ( 2008) ‘The Raw and the Cooked: How Vernacular Images Enter the News’, commentary at the ICA Conference , Montreal, Canada, May.
5.
Becker, K. ( 2003) ‘Photojournalism and the Tabloid Press’, in L. Wells (ed.) The Photography Reader. London: Routledge.
6.
Bock, M. ( 2008) ‘Together in the Scrum’, Visual Communication Quarterly15(3): 169-79.
7.
Bowman, S. and C. Willis ( 2003) We Media: How Audiences Are Shaping the Future of News and Information. Reston, VA: The Media Center at the American Press Institute, URL (consulted September 2007): http://www.hypergene.net/wemedia.
8.
Bridge, J. and H. Sjøvaag ( 2008) ‘Amateur Images in the Professional News Stream’ , paper presented at the Television and the Digital Public Sphere Conference, Paris, France, 24 October.
9.
Bruns, A. ( 2005) Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production. New York: Peter Lang.
10.
Chung, D. ( 2007) ‘"Profits and Perils: Online News Producers". Perceptions of Interactivity and Uses of Interactive Features’, Convergence13(1): 43-61.
11.
Chung, D. ( 2008) ‘Interactive Features of Online Newspapers: Identifying Patterns and Predicting Use of Engaged Readers’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication13(3): 658-79.
12.
Deuze, M. ( 2004) Wat is journalistiek? [What is Journalism?]. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
13.
Deuze, M. ( 2007) Media Work. Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity.
14.
Deuze, M. ( 2008) ‘Understanding Journalism as Newswork: How It Changes, and How It Remains the Same’, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture5(2): 4-23.
15.
Deuze, M., A. Bruns and C. Neuberger ( 2007) ‘Preparing for an Age of Participatory News’ , Journalism Practice1(3): 322-38.
16.
Domingo, D. ( 2008) ‘Interactivity in the Daily Routines of Online Newsrooms: Dealing with an Uncomfortable Myth’, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication13(3): 680-704.
17.
Domingo, D., T. Quandt, A. Heinonen, S. Paulussen, J. Singer and M. Vujnovic ( 2008) ‘Participatory Journalism Practices in the Media and Beyond: An International Comparative Study of Initiatives in Online Newspapers’ , Journalism Practice2(3): 326-42.
18.
Dovey, J. ( 2004) ‘Camcorder Cults’, in R. Allen and A. Hill (eds) The Television Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
19.
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) Serious Business; Web 2.0 Goes Corporate, URL (consulted September 2007): http://www.fastsearch.com/Serious_Business_Web20_EIU_White_Paper_O8eQe.pdf.file
20.
Gans, H. ( 1980) Deciding What’s News. New York : Vintage Books.
21.
Gillmor, D. ( 2004) We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media.
22.
Hartley, John ( 2004) ‘The "Value Chain of Meaning" and the New Economy’ , International Journal of Cultural Studies7(1): 129-41.
23.
Hermida, A. and N. Thurman ( 2008) ‘A Clash of Cultures: The Integration of User-generated Content within Professional Journalistic Frameworks at British Newspaper Websites’ , Journalism Practice2(3): 343-56.
24.
Jenkins, H. ( 2001) ‘Convergence? I Diverge’, Technology Review (June): 93, URL (consulted September 2007 ): http://www.technologyreview.com/business/12434/
25.
Jenkins, H. ( 2006) Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
26.
Kunelius, R. and L. Ruusunoksa ( 2008) ‘Questions in between "Participatory" and "Public" Journalism’, paper presented at the ICA Conference , Montreal, Canada, May.
27.
Nip, J. ( 2006) ‘Exploring the Second Phase of Public Journalism’ , Journalism Studies7(2): 212-36.
28.
Örnebring, H. ( 2008) ‘The Consumer as Producer - of What? User-Generated Tabloid Content in the Sun (UK) and Aftonbladet (Sweden)’, Journalism Studies9(5): 771-85.
29.
Paulussen, S. and P. Ugille ( 2008) ‘User Generated Content in the Newsroom: Professional and Organisational Constraints on Participatory Journalism’, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture5(2): 24-41.
30.
Plasser, F. ( 2005) ‘From Hard to Soft News Standards? How Political Journalists in Different Media Systems Evaluate the Shifting Quality of News’ , The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics10(2): 47-68.
31.
Reich, Z. ( 2008) ‘How Citizens Create News Stories: The "News Access" Problem Reversed’, Journalism Studies9(5): 1-20.
32.
Thurman, N. ( 2008) ‘Forums for Citizen Journalists? Adoption of User Generated Content Initiatives by Online News Media’, New Media & Society10(1): 139-57.
33.
Zelizer, B. ( 1998) Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera’s Eye. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
34.
Zelizer, B. ( 2007) ‘On "Having Been There": "Eyewitnessing" as a Journalistic Key Word’, Critical Studies in Media Communication24(5): 408-28.
