The author takes the stance that children are always Othered or unfamiliar in
research. The child as Other is intensified by adults' memories of their own
childhoods. The author discusses what it means to be Othered, reviews images of
children, and the roles early childhood research methodologists recommend a
researcher should hold. Through narratives the author interrupts the text and
reflects on her own childhood, research and teaching young children. Finally,
methodological recommendations for utilizing or minimizing the researcher/child
Othered relationship are set forth in the following areas: ethical consideration,
reflexivity, intersubjectivity, innovative methods, children are experts, and being
with children.
Alderson, P.
(2000) Young Children's Rights. Children in Charge,
series ed.
M. John.London : Jessica
Kingsley.
2.
Alderson, P.
(2004) `Ethics', in
S. Fraser
,
V. Lewis
,
S. Ding
,
M. Kellett
and
C. Robinson
(eds) Doing Research with Children and Young People, pp.
97-112. London:
SAGE.
3.
Anderson, S.J.
,
Cohen, G.
and
Taylor, S.
(2000)
`Rewriting the Past: Some Factors Affecting the Variability of Personal
Memories'
, Applied Cognitive Psychology14: 435-54.
4.
Berman, H.
,
Ford Gilboe, M.
,
Moutrey, B.
and
Ceiki, S.
(2001)
`Portraits in Pain and Promise: A Photographic Study of Bosnian
Youth'
, Canadian Journal of Nursing Research32(4):
21-41.
5.
Beverley, J.
(2000) `Testimonio, Subalternity, and Narrative
Authority' , in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
555-68. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
Bruner, J.
(1986) Actual Minds, Possible Worlds.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press.
8.
Buchbinder, M.
,
Longhofer, J.
,
Barrett, T.
,
Lawson, P.
and
Floersch, J.
(2006)
`Ethnographic Approaches to Child Care Research: A Review of the
Literature'
, Journal of Early Childhood Research4: 45-63.
9.
Christensen, H.P.
(2004)
`Children's Participation in Ethnographic Research: Issues of Power and
Representation'
, Children and Society18: 165-76.
10.
Clandinin, D.J.
and
Connelly, F.M.
(2000) Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative
Research. San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass .
11.
Clark, A.
(2005) `Ways of Seeing: Using the Mosaic Approach to Listen
to Young Children's Perspectives', in
A. Clark
,
A.T. Kjorholt
and
P. Moss
(eds) Beyond Listening. Children's Perspectives on Early Childhood
Services, pp. 29-49.
Bristol: The Policy
Press.
12.
Clough, P.
(2002) `Narratives and Fictions in Educational
Research' , in
P. Sikes
(series ed.) Doing Qualitative Research in Educational Settings.
Buckingham : Open University
Press.
13.
Correa-Torres, S.
(2004) `The Nature of Social Experiences of Elementary
Students with Deafblindness Educated in Inclusive Classrooms', unpublished
dissertation,
University of Northern Colorado
.
14.
Corsaro, W.
(1985) Friendship and Peer Culture in the Early Years .
Norwood, NJ:
Ablex.
15.
Corsaro, W.
(2005) The Sociology of Childhood, 2nd edn.
Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE .
16.
Davis, J.M.
(1998)
`Understanding the Meanings of Children: A Reflexive Process'
, Children and Society12: 325-35.
17.
de Castro, L.R.
(2004)
`Otherness in Me, Otherness in Others: Children's and Youth's Constructions
of Self and Other'
, Childhood11: 469-93.
18.
Denzin, N.K.
and
Lincoln, Y.S.,
eds (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research .
Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
19.
Denzin, N.K.
and
Lincoln, Y.S.,
eds (2000a) Handbook of Qualitative Research ,
2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA :
SAGE.
20.
Denzin, N.K.
and
Lincoln, Y.S.
(2000b) `Introduction. The Discipline and Practice of
Qualitative Research', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
43-58. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
21.
Denzin, N.K.
and
Lincoln, Y.S.
(2000c) `The Seventh Moment: Out of the Past', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
1047-65. Thousand Oaks,
CA: SAGE.
22.
Denzin, N.K.
and
Lincoln, Y.S.,
eds (2005) Handbook of Qualitative Research ,
3rd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA :
SAGE.
23.
Dockett, S.
and
Perry, B.
(2007)
`Trusting Children's Accounts in Research'
, Journal of Early Childhood Research5: 47-63.
24.
Eby, O.
(2006)
`A Distraught Woman'
, River Teeth8(1):
31-6.
25.
Eder, D.
and
Fingerson, L.
(2002) `Interviewing Children and Adolescents', in
J.F. Gubrium
and
J.A. Holstein
(eds) Handbook of Interview Research. Context and Method, pp.
181-201. Thousand Oaks,
CA: SAGE.
Fine, G.A.
and
Sandstrom, K.L.
(1988) Knowing Children. Participant Observation with
Minors. Newbury Park, CA:
SAGE .
28.
Fine, M.
(1994) `Working the Hyphens: Reinventing Self and Other in
Qualitative Research', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, pp.
70-82. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
29.
Fine, M.
,
Weis, L.
,
Weseen, S.
and
Wong, L.
(2000) `For Whom? Qualitative Research, Representations, and
Social Responsibilities', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
107-32. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
30.
Finlay, L.
and
Gough, B.,
eds (2003) Reflexivity. A Practical Guide for Researchers in
Health and Social Sciences. Oxford :
Blackwell.
31.
Fraser, S.
(2004) `Situating Empirical Research', in
S. Fraser
,
V. Lewis
,
S. Ding
,
M. Kellett
and
C. Robinson
(eds) Doing Research with Children and Young People, pp.
15-26. London:
SAGE.
32.
Gamson, J.
(2000) `Sexualities, Queer Theory, and Qualitative
Research' , in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
347-65. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
33.
Graue, M.E.
and
Walsh, D.J.
(1998) Studying Children in Context. Theories, Methods, and
Ethics. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
34.
Greene, S.
and
Hill, M.
(2005) `Researching Children's Experiences: Methods and
Methodological Issues', in
S. Greene
and
D. Hogan
(eds) Researching Children's Experience: Approaches and Methods,
pp. 1-21. London :
SAGE.
35.
Hertz, R.
(1997) Reflexivity and Voice.
Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
36.
Heywood, C.
(2001) A History of Childhood. Children and Childhood in the
West from Medieval to Modern Times.
Cambridge:
Polity.
37.
Hill, M.
(2005) `Ethical Considerations in Researching Children's
Experiences', in
S. Greene
and
D. Hogan
(eds) Researching Children's Experience: Approaches and Methods,
pp. 61-86. London:
SAGE.
38.
Irwin, L.
and
Johnson, J.
(2005)
`Interviewing Young Children: Explicating Our Practices and Dilemmas'
, Qualitative Health Research15(6):
821-31.
39.
James, A.
,
Jerk, C.
and
Prout, A.
(1998) Theorizing Childhood.
Cambridge : Polity
Press.
40.
Janesick, V.
(1999)
`A Journal about Journal Writing as a Qualitative Research Technique'
, Qualitative Inquiry5(4):
505-24.
41.
Janesick, V.
(2000) `The Choreography of Qualitative Research
Design' , in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
379-99. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
42.
Kay, H.
,
Cree, V.
,
Tisdall, K.
and
Wallace, J.
(2003)
`At the Edge: Negotiating Boundaries in Research with Children and Young
People'
, Forum: Qualitative Social Research4(2).
43.
Kellett, M.
and
Ding, S.
(2004) `Middle Childhood', in
S. Fraser
,
V. Lewis
,
S. Ding
,
M. Kellett
and
C. Robinson
(eds) Doing Research with Children and Young People, pp.
161-74. London:
SAGE.
44.
Kellet, M.
,
Robinson, C.
and
Burr R.
(2004) `Images of Childhood', in
S. Fraser
,
V. Lewis
,
S. Ding
,
M. Kellett
and
C. Robinson
(eds) Doing Research with Children and Young People, pp.
161-74. London:
SAGE.
45.
Lahman, M.K.E.
and
D'Amato, R.C.
(2007) `Ethnography', in
A.M. Bursztyn
(ed.) The Praeger Handbook of Special Education , pp.
181-2. Westport, CT:
Praeger.
46.
Lareau, A.
(2000)
`Social Class and the Daily Lives of Children: A Study from the United
States'
, Childhood7(2):
151-71.
47.
Liamputtong, P.
(2007) Researching the Vulnerable.
London:
SAGE.
48.
Lewis, A.
(1992)
`Group Child Interviews as a Research Tool'
, British Educational Research Journal18(4):
413
.
49.
McDermott, E.
(2006)
`Surviving in Dangerous Places: Lesbian Identity Performances in the
Workplace
, Social Class and Psychological Health', Feminism Psychology16: 193-211.
50.
Madriz. E.
(2000) `Focus Groups in Feminist Research', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
835-50. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
51.
Mandell, N.
(1988)
`The least adult role in studying children'
, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography16: 433-7.
52.
Markham, A.
(2005) `Online Ethnography', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
793-820. Thousand Oaks,
CA: SAGE.
53.
Masson, J.
(2004) `The Legal Context', in
S. Fraser
,
V. Lewis
,
S. Ding
,
M. Kellett
and
C. Robinson
(eds) Doing Research with Children and Young People, pp.
43-58. London:
SAGE.
54.
Mauthner, M.
(1997)
`Methodological Aspects of Collecting Data from Children: Lessons from
Research Projects'
, Children and Society11: 16-28.
55.
Moore, L.W.
and
Miller, M.
(1999)
`Initiating Research with Doubly Vulnerable Populations'
, Journal of Advance Nursing30(5):
1034-40.
56.
Multhaup, K.
,
Johnson, M.
and
Tetirick, J.
(2005)
`The Wane of Childhood Amnesia for Autobiographical and Public Event
Memories'
, Psychology Press13(2):
161-73.
57.
Nespor, J.
(1997) Tangled Up in School. Politics, Space, Bodies, and
Signs in the Educational Process. Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
58.
Olsen, V.
(2000) `Feminisms and Qualitative Research at and into the
Millennium', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
215-55. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
59.
Park, S.
and
Lahman, M.K.E.
(2003)
`Methodological Reflections on Cross-cultural Research: Bridging
Perspectives of Parents
, Teachers and Co- researchers', Reflective Practice4(3):
375-83.
60.
Rich, M.
and
Chalfen, R.
(1998)
`Showing and telling asthma: Children teaching physicians with visual
narratives'
, Visual Sociology14: 51-71.
61.
Robinson, C.
and
Kellet, M.
(2004) `Power', in
S. Fraser
,
V. Lewis
,
S. Ding
,
M. Kellett
and
C. Robinson
(eds) Doing Research with Children and Young People, pp.
81-96. London:
SAGE.
62.
Rogoff, B.
(1990) Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in
Social Context. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
63.
Rouanet, S.P.
(2002)
`The View Held by the Other'
, Diogenes49: 3-11.
64.
Sands, R.G.
and
Krumer-Nevo, M.
(2006)
`Interview Shocks and Shockwaves'
, Qualitative Inquiry12: 950-71.
65.
Schwandt, T.
(2000) `Three Epistomological Stances for Qualitative
Inquiry', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
189- 213. Thousand Oaks,
CA: SAGE.
66.
Schwandt, T.
(2001) Dictionary of Qualitative Inquiry, 2nd
edn. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
67.
Schwartz, B.
(1996)
`Introduction: The Expanding Past'
, Qualitative Sociology19(3):
275-82.
68.
Sheen, M.
,
Kemp, S.
and
Rubin, D.C.
(2006)
`Disputes Over Memory Ownership: What Memories are Disputed?'
, Genes, Brain, and Behavior5: 9-13.
69.
Staunaes, D.
(2005)
`From Culturally Avant-garde to Sexually Promiscuous: Troubling
Subjectivities and Intersections in the Social Transition from Childhood
into Youth'
, Feminism Psychology15: 149-67.
70.
Thomas, N.
and
O'Kane, C.
(1998)
`Ethics of Participatory Research with Children'
, Children and Society12: 336-48.
71.
Thorne, B.
(1993) Gender Play. Girls and Boys in School.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers
University Press .
72.
Tobin, J.,
ed. (1997) Making a Place for Pleasure in Early Childhood
Education. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press.
73.
Vidich, A.J.
and
Lyman, S.M.
(2000) `Qualitative Methods: The History in Sociology and
Anthropology', in
N.K. Denzin
and
Y.S. Lincoln
(eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn, pp.
37-84. Thousand Oaks, CA:
SAGE.
74.
Walker, D.
(2003) `Constructing Literate, Artistic, and Social
Identities after School: Community Cultural Resources in Support of Latino
Youth', unpublished dissertation,
Colorado University
.
75.
Wang, C.
(2007) `A Case Study of Positive Psychology Approach in an
Affective Education Elementary School Course', unpublished dissertation ,
University of Northern Colorado
.
76.
West, T.A.
and
Bauer, P.J.
(1999)
`Assumptions of Infantile Amnesia: Are There Differences between Early and
Later Memories?'
, Memory7(3):
257-78.
77.
White, R.F.
(2007)
`Institutional Review Board Mission Creep: The Common Rule, Social Science,
and the Nanny State'
, The Independent Review11(4):
547-64.
78.
Wolcott, H.F.
(1972)
`The Teacher as an Enemy' [abridged]
, Practical Anthropology19(5):
226-30.
79.
Wolcott, H.F.
(1995) The Art of Fieldwork, 2nd edn.
Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira
Press/
SAGE
.
