The purpose of this response is to clarify several of the claims made by Endsley in her focus paper. Endsley criticizes the Data/Frame model of sensemaking for misrepresenting her views on situation awareness and for failing to provide as complete an explanation as her theory. However, she has contributed to confusion about her theory of situation awareness by shifting her views over the years without making these changes explicit. Furthermore, her critique of the Data/Frame model misrepresents that model and its goals.
EndsleyM. R. (1987). SAGAT: A methodology for the measurement of situation awareness (NOR DOC 87-83). Hawthorne, CA: Northrop Corp.
2.
EndsleyM. R. (1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37, 32-64.
3.
EndsleyM. R. (2000). Theoretical underpinnings of situation awareness: A critical review. In EndsleyM. R.GarlandD. J. (Eds.), Situation awareness analysis and measurement (pp. 3-28). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
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KleinG. A. (1989). Recognition-primed decisions. In RouseW. B. (Ed.), Advances in man-machine systems research (Vol. 5, pp. 47-92). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
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KleinG. A.CalderwoodR.Clinton-CiroccoA. (1985). Rapid decision making on the fire ground (Tech. Rep. No. TR-85-46-12). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.
6.
KleinG.CalderwoodR.Clinton-CiroccoA. (2010). Rapid decision making on the fire ground: The original study plus a postscript. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 4, 186-209.
7.
KleinG.PhillipsJ. K.RallE.PelusoD. A. (2007). A data/frame theory of sensemaking. In HoffmanR. R. (Ed.), Expertise out of context (pp. 113-158). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8.
KleinG.PliskeR. M.CrandallB.WoodsD. (2005). Problem detection. Cognition, Technology, and Work, 7, 14-28.
