This review discusses physical activity counseling in primary care, including evidence-based perspectives on optimizing the risk-benefit ratio for the majority of patients who are not physically fit.
Foster C., Porcari J., Battista R., et al. The risk in exercise training. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2008;3:279-284.
2.
Chakravarthy M., Joyner M., Booth F.An obligation for primary care physicians to prescribe physical activity to sedentary patients to reduce the risk of chronic health conditions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77:165-173.
3.
Eyre H., Kahn R., Robertson R., et al. Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: a common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2004;109:3244-3255.
4.
Fletcher G.How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention: a statement for healthcare professionals from the task force on risk reduction [AHA Science Advisory]. Circulation. 1997;96:355-357.
5.
Kohrt W., Bloomfield S., Little K., et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: physical activity and bone health. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:1985-1996.
6.
Pollock M., Franklin B., Balady G., et al. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: benefits, rationale, safety, and prescription. An advisory from the committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2000;101:828-833.
7.
Thompson P., Buchner D., Pina I., et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology
8.
(Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation. 2003;107:3109-3116.
9.
US Preventive Services Task Force.Behavioral counseling in primary care to promote physical activity: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:205-207.
10.
US Department of Health and Human Services.Healthy People 2010. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; January 2000 .
11.
Albright C. , Thompson D.The effectiveness of walking in preventing cardiovascular disease in women: a review of the current literature. J Womens Health. 2006;15:271-280.
12.
Gidding S.Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood . Am J Lifestyle Med. 2007;1:499-505.
Hooker S., Cirill L.Evaluation of community coalitions' ability to create safe, effective exercise classes for older adults. Eval Program Plann. 2006;29:242-250.
15.
Kennedy N.Exercise therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: safety of intensive programmes and effects upon bone mineral density and disease activity: a literature review. Phys Ther Rev. 2006;11:263-268.
16.
Li S., Culver B., Ren J.Benefit and risk of exercise on myocardial function in diabetes. Pharmacol Res. 2003;48:127-132.
17.
McAuley E., Morris K.Advances in physical activity and mental health: quality of life. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2007;1:389-396.
18.
Pedersen B.Health benefits related to exercise in patients with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2007;1:289-298.
19.
Resnick B., Orwig D., Yu-Yahiro J., et al. Testing the effectiveness of the exercise plus program in older women post-hip fracture. Ann Behav Med. 2007 ;34:67-76.
20.
Stitik T., Gazzillo G., Foye P.Osteoarthritis and therapeutic exercise. Am J Lifestyle Med . 2007;1:360-365.
21.
Smith P., Blumenthal J., Babyak M., et al. Effects of exercise and weight loss on depressive symptoms among men and women with hypertension. J Psychosomatic Res. 2007;63:463-469.
22.
Terre L., Poston W., Foreyt J.Overview and the future of obesity treatment. In: Goldstein D, ed. The Management of Eating Disorders and Obesity. 2nd ed. Totowa, NJ: Humana; 2005:161-179.
23.
Terre L., Poston W., Foreyt J.Eating disorders. In: Mash E, Barkley R, eds. Treatment of Childhood Disorders . 3rd ed. New York: Guilford; 2006:778-829.
24.
Terre L., Hunter C., Poston W., et al. Treatment of obesity in the primary care setting: are we there yet? Eating Disord. 2007;15:135-143.
25.
McDonald K., Blackwell J.What lifestyle changes should we recommend for the patient with newly diagnosed hypertension? J Fam Pract. 2006;55:991-993.
26.
Fine L., Philogene G., Gramling R., et al. Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors2001National Health Interview Survey. Am J Prev Med. 2004;27:18-24.
27.
Reeves M., Rafferty A.Healthy lifestyle characteristics among adults in the United States, 2000. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:854-857.
28.
Terre L.Strategic management of diabetes risk. Am J Lifestyle Med . 2007;1:351-355.
29.
Terre L.Weight control in a land of milk and honey. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2007;1:447-450.
30.
Crum A., Langer E.Mind-set matters: exercise and the placebo effect. Psychol Sci. 2007;18:165-171.
31.
Balcetis E., Dunning D.Cognitive dissonance and the perception of natural environments. Psychol Sci. 2007;18:917-921.
32.
Benson H., Friedman R.Harnessing the power of the placebo effect and renaming it "remembered wellness ." Annu Rev Med. 1996;47:193-199.
33.
Desharnais R. , Jobin J., Cote C., et al. Aerobic exercise and the placebo effect: a controlled study. Psychosom Med. 1993;55:149-154.
34.
Levanthal H., Levanthal E., Cameron L.Representations, procedures, and affect in illness self-regulation: a perceptual-cognitive model. In: Baum A, Revenson T, Singer J, eds. Handbook of Health Psychology. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum; 2001:19-47.
35.
Levanthal H., Meyer D., Nerenz D.The common sense representation of illness danger. In: Rachman S, ed. Contributions to Medical Psychology. New York: Pergamon;1980:7-30.
36.
Abramson S. , Stein J., Schaufele M., et al. Personal exercise habits and counseling practices of primary care physicians: a national survey. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10:40-48.
37.
Frank E., Schelbert K., Elon L.Exercise counseling and personal exercise habits of US women physicians. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2003;58:178-184.
38.
Perrin E., Flower K., Ammerman A.Pediatricians' own weight: self-perception, misclassification, and ease of counseling. Obes Res. 2005;13:326-332.