Drawing from an ongoing evaluation of three major restorative justice schemes in
England and Wales, the article employs a dramaturgical perspective to examine a
number of process issues that arise when restorative justice processes are deployed
within a criminal justice context. They include the rôle and identity of
restorative justice facilitators, the locations for restorative justice encounters
and associated matters relating to the values of privacy, openness and accountability.
Ashworth, A.
(2002) Human Rights, Serious Crime and Criminal
Procedure.
London: Sweet & Maxwell
.
2.
Bottoms, A.E.
and
D. McClean
(1976) Defendants in the Criminal Process.
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
.
3.
Braithwaite, J.
(1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
4.
Braithwaite, J.
(1999) ‘Restorative Justice: Assessing
Optimistic and Pessimistic Accounts’, in
M. Tonry
(ed.) Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 25, pp.
1–127.
Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
.
5.
Braithwaite, J.
(2002) Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
.
6.
Butler, S.
(1912) The Notebooks of Samuel Butler; Part VII On the Making
of Music, Pictures and Books. Thought and Word.
London: A. C. Fifield edition by David Price
.
7.
Carlen, P.
(1976a)
‘The Staging of Magistrates' Justice’
, British Journal of Criminology16:
48–55
.
8.
Carlen, P.
(1976b) Magistrates' Justice.
London: Martin Robertson
.
9.
Christie, N.
(1977)
‘Conflicts as Property’
, British Journal of Criminology17:
1–15
. (Originally published as N. Christie (1976) Conflicts as Property.
Sheffield: University of Sheffield.)
10.
Crawford, A.
and
T. Newburn
(2002)
‘Recent Developments in Restorative Justice for Young People in
England and Wales: Community Participation and Representation’
, British Journal of Criminology42(3):
476–495
.
11.
Criminal Justice Review Group
(2000) Review of the Criminal Justice System in Northern
Ireland.
Belfast: The Stationery Office
.
12.
Daly, K.
(2003) ‘Mind the Gap: Restorative Justice in
Theory and Practice’, in
A. von Hirsch
,
J. Roberts
,
A.E. Bottoms
,
K. Roach
and
M. Schiff
(eds) Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or
Reconcilable Paradigms?, pp. 219–236.
Oxford: Hart
.
13.
Davis, G.
(1992) Making Amends: Mediation and Reparation in Criminal
Justice.
London: Routledge
.
14.
Department for Constitutional Affairs
(2004) Judicial Statistics 2003.
London: HMSO
.
15.
Dignan, J.
(2005) Understanding Victims and Restorative Justice.
London: Open University Press
.
16.
Dignan, J.
and
K. Lowey
(2000) Restorative Justice Options for Northern Ireland: A
Comparative Review. Review of the Criminal Justice System in Northern
Ireland Research Report 10.
Belfast: Criminal Justice Review
Commission/Northern Ireland Office
.
17.
Foucault, M.
(1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison.
Harmondsworth: Penguin
.
18.
Garfinkel, H.
(1956)
‘Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies’
, American Journal of SociologyLXIV(1956):
420–424
.
19.
Goffman, E.
(1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
London: AllenLane, The Penguin Press
.
20.
Harbinger, R.
(1971)
‘Trial by Drama’
, Judicature55(3):
122–128
.
21.
Harris, N.
,
L. Walgrave
and
J. Braithwaite
(2004)
‘Emotional Dynamics in Restorative Conferences’
, Theoretical Criminology8(2):
191–210
.
22.
Home Office Training and Accreditation Policy Group
(2004) Best Practice Guidance for Restorative
Practitioners. Available at http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/docs4/rj_bestpractice.pdf?docs3.bestpracticeforrestorativepractitioners&ns_type%20pdf
23.
Hoyle, C.
,
R. Hill
and
R. Young
(2002) Proceed with Caution: An Evaluation of the Thames
Valley Police Initiative in Restorative Justice.
York: York Publishing Services for the Joseph
Rowntree Foundation
.
24.
Hudson, B.
(2002)
‘Restorative Justice and Gendered Violence: Diversion or
Effective Justice?’
, British Journal of Criminology42:
616–634
.
25.
Hydle, I.
(2003) ‘Anthropological Reflections on
Restorative Justice in Norway’, in
L. Walgrave
(ed.) Repositioning Restorative Justice, pp.
296–312.
Cullompton: Willan
.
26.
Inkpen, N. (1999) ‘Reintegrative Shaming through Collective
Conscience Building’, unpublished PhD Dissertation, Sociology, Australian
National University.
27.
Justice
(2000) Restoring Youth Justice: New Directions in Domestic
and International Law and Practice.
London: Justice
.
28.
Karp, D.
and
K. Drakulich
(2004)
‘Minor Crimes in Quaint Settings: Practices, Outcomes and Limits
of Vermont Reparative Probation Boards’
, Criminology and Public Policy3(4):
655–686
.
29.
Kurki, L.
(2003) ‘Evaluating Restorative Justice
Practices’, in
A. von Hirsch
,
J. Roberts
,
A.E. Bottoms
,
K. Roach
and
M. Schiff
(eds) Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or
Reconcilable Paradigms?, pp. 293–314.
Oxford: Hart
.
30.
LaPrairie, C.
(1995)
‘Altering Course: New Directions in Criminal Justice: Sentencing
Circles and Family Group Conferences’
, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology (Special
Issue on Crime, Criminology and Public Policy) December:
78–99
.
31.
Lilles, H.
(2001) ‘Circle Sentencing: Part of the
Restorative Justice Continuum’, in
A.M. Morris
and
G. Maxwell
(eds) Restorative Justice for Juveniles: Conferencing, Mediation and
Circles, pp. 161–179.
Oxford: Hart
.
32.
McCold, P.
(1998)
‘Police-Facilitated Restorative Conferencing: What the Data Show’
, paper presented at the 2nd Annual International Conference on
Restorative Justice for Juveniles, Fort Lauderdale,
Florida, November.
33.
McElrea, F.
(1994) ‘Justice in the Community: The New
Zealand Experience’, in
J. Burnside
and
N. Baker
(eds) Relational Justice: Repairing the Breach, pp.
93–103.
Winchester: Waterside Press
.
34.
Marshall, A.F.
(1999) Restorative Justice: An Overview. Occasional
Paper.
London: Home Office Research and Statistics
Development Directorate
. Available at http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-resjus.pdf
Morris, A.
(2002)
‘Critiquing the Critics: A Brief Response to Critics of
Restorative Justice’
, British Journal of Criminology42:
596–615
.
37.
Olson, S.M.
and
A.W. Dzur
(2004)
‘Revisiting Informal Justice: Restorative Justice and Democratic Professionalism’
, Law and Society Review38(1):
139–176
.
38.
Restorative Justice Consortium
(2004) Principles of Restorative Processes.
London: Restorative Justice Consortium
. Available at http://www.restorativejustice.org.uk/resources/pdf/Principles_final_doc_2004.pdf
39.
Retzinger, S.M.
and
T.J. Scheff
(1996) ‘Strategy for Community Conferences:
Emotions and Social Bonds’, in
B. Galaway
and
J. Hudson
(eds) Restorative Justice: International Perspectives, pp.
315–336.
Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press
.
40.
Roche, D.
(2003) Accountability in Restorative Justice.
Oxford: Oxford University Press
.
41.
Rock, P.
(1993) The Social World of an English Criminal Court:
Witnesses and Professionals.
Oxford: Clarendon Press
.
42.
Shapland, J.
(1981) Between Conviction and Sentence: The Process of
Mitigation.
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
.
43.
Shapland, J.
(2003) ‘Restorative Justice and Criminal
Justice: Just Responses to Crime?’, in
A. von Hirsch
,
J. Roberts
,
A.E. Bottoms
,
K. Roach
and
M. Schiff
(eds) Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or
Reconcilable Paradigms?, pp. 195–217.
Oxford: Hart
.
44.
Shapland, J.
,
A. Atkinson
,
E. Colledge
,
J. Dignan
,
M. Howes
,
J. Johnstone
,
R. Pennant
,
G. Robinson
and
A. Sorsby
(2004) Implementing Restorative Justice Schemes (Crime
Reduction Programme): A Report on the First Year. Home Office Online
Report 32/04.
London: Home Office
. Available at http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs04/rdsolr3204.pdf
45.
Shapland, J.
,
A. Atkinson
,
H. Atkinson
,
B. Chapman
,
E. Colledge
,
J. Dignan
,
M. Howes
,
J. Johnstone
,
G. Robinson
and
A. Sorsby
(2006a, forthcoming)
‘Situating Restorative Justice within Criminal Justice’
, Theoretical Criminology10(4):
505–532
.
46.
Shapland, J.
,
A. Atkinson
,
H. Atkinson
,
B. Chapman
,
E. Colledge
,
J. Dignan
,
M. Howes
,
J. Johnstone
,
G. Robinson
and
A. Sorsby
(2006b) Restorative Justice in Practice: The Second Report
from the Evaluation of Three Schemes. The University of Sheffield Centre
for Criminological Research Occasional Paper 2.
Sheffield: Faculty of Law
. Available at http://ccr.group.shef.ac.uk/papers/pdfs/Restorative_Justice_Report.pdf
47.
Spierenburg, P.C.
(1984) The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the
Evolution of Repression: From a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European
Experience.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
.
48.
Strang, H.
(2002) Repair or Revenge: Victims and Restorative
Justice.
Oxford: Clarendon Press
.
49.
Stuart, B.
(1996) ‘Circle Sentencing: Turning Swords into
Ploughshares’, in
B. Galaway
and
J. Hudson
(eds) Restorative Justice: International Perspectives, pp.
193–206.
Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press
.
50.
Transformative Justice Australia (TJA)
(2002) Transformative Justice Australia Conferencing
Facilitators Manual: How to Run a Conference.
Sydney: TJA
.
51.
Tyler, T.R.
(1990) Why People Obey the Law.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
.
52.
Van Ness, D.
(2003) ‘Proposed Basic Principles on the Use of
Restorative Justice’, in
A. von Hirsch
,
J. Roberts
,
A.E. Bottoms
,
K. Roach
and
M. Schiff
(eds) Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or
Reconcilable Paradigms?, pp. 157–176.
Oxford: Hart Publishing
.
53.
Van Stokkom, B.
(2002)
‘Moral Emotions in Restorative Justice Conferences: Managing
Shame, Designing Empathy’
, Theoretical Criminology6(3):
339–360
.
54.
Wright, M.
(1998) ‘Victims, Offenders and Criminal
Justice’, in
E. Fattah
and
T. Peters
(eds) Support for Crime Victims in a Comparative Perspective: A
Collection of Essays Dedicated to the Memory of Prof. Frederic McClintock,
pp. 189–203.
Leuven: Leuven University Press
.
55.
Young, R.
(2001) ‘Just Cops Doing “Shameful
Business?”, in
A. Morris
and
G. Maxwell
(eds) Restorative Justice for Juveniles: Conferencing, Mediation and
Circles, pp. 195–222.
Oxford: Hart
.
56.
Zehr, H.
(1995) Changing Lenses: A New Focus for Crime and
Justice.
Scottdale, PA: Herald Press
.
57.
Zernova, M. (2005) ‘Restorative Justice: Aspirations of Proponents
and Experiences of Participants in Family Group Conferences’, unpublished
PhD Thesis, University of Hull.
