The focus of the article is the analysis of a particular site of collective memory (one state’s system of national holidays condensed in a calendar) from a perspective that highlights its relational and narrative characteristics. By adopting the idea of “commemorative networks,” the article will regard commemorated events as nodes in a network, connected by ties that highlight the causal relationship between any two events as perceived by the commemorating agencies in the making of narratives of the state. This approach offers a methodologically sound complement to other perspectives that investigate the formal narrative and semiotic features of “collective memory.”
AndersonB (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso Books.
2.
BaioniMContiFRidolfiM (eds) (2012) Celebrare la nazione. Grandi anniversari e memorie pubbliche nella società contemporanea. Cinisello Balsamo: Silvana.
3.
BallingerP (2003) History in Exile: Memory and Identity at the Borders of the Balkans. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4.
BarthesR (1967) Elements of Semiology. New York: Hill & Wang.
5.
BarthesR (1985) The Semiotic Challenge. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
6.
BearmanPStovelK (2000) Becoming a Nazi: a model for narrative networks. Poetics27(2–3): 69–90.
7.
BodnarJ (1992) Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism in the Twentieth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8.
BrekhusW (1998) A sociology of the unmarked: redirecting our focus. Sociological Theory16(1): 34–51.
9.
CarrollN (1997) Beyond Aesthetics: Philosophical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10.
CenciC (1999) Rituale e memoria collettiva: le celebrazioni del 25 april e. In: PaggiL (ed.) Le memorie della Repubblica. Firenze: La Nuova Italia, pp. 325–378.
11.
ConnertonP (2008) Seven types of forgetting. Memory Studies1(1): 59–71.
12.
CossuA (2009) Difficult days and national calendars: Italy, cultural trauma, and giorno del ricordo. In: McCroneDMcPhersonG (eds) National Days. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 166–180.
13.
CossuA (2010a) Durkheim’s argument on ritual, commemoration, and aesthetic life: a classical legacy for contemporary performance studies?Journal of Classical Sociology10(1): 33–49.
14.
CossuA (2010b) Memory, symbolic conflict and changes in the national calendar in the Italian second republic. Modern Italy15(1): 3–19.
15.
CossuA (2011) Commemoration and processes of appropriation: the Italian Communist Party and the Italian Resistance (1943–1948).Memory Studies4(4): 386–400.
16.
DavidL (2014) Impression management of a contested past: Serbia’s evolving national calendar. Memory Studies7(4): 472–483.
17.
EriksonE (2013) Formalist and relationalist theory in social network analysis. Sociological Theory31(3): 219–242.
18.
EtzioniABloomJ (eds) (2004) We are What we Celebrate: Understanding Holidays and Rituals. New York: New York University Press.
FranzosiR (1998) Narrative analysis—or why (and how) sociologists should be interested in narrative. Annual Review of Sociology24: 517–554.
21.
FridmanO (2015) Alternative calendars and memory work in Serbia: anti-war activism after Milosevic. Memory Studies8(2): 212–226.
22.
GordonRSC (2006) The Holocaust in Italian collective memory: Il giorno della memoria, 27January2001. Modern Italy11(2): 167–188.
23.
GordonRSC (2012) The Holocaust in Italian Culture 1944–2010. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
24.
GouldR (2003) Uses of networks in comparative historical research. In: MahoneyJRueschemeyerD (eds), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 241–269.
25.
GriffinL (1993) Narrative, event-structure analysis, and causal interpretation in historical sociology. American Journal of Sociology98(5): 1094–1133.
26.
HalbwachsM (1992) On Collective Memory. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
27.
HubertH (1999) Essay on Time. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
28.
JakobsonR (1971) Selected Writings 2: Word and Language. The Hague: Mouton De Gruyter.
29.
JansenRS (2007) Resurrection and appropriation: reputational trajectories, memory work, and the political use of historical figures. American Journal of Sociology112(4): 953–1007.
30.
JohnstonWM (1991) Celebrations: The Cult of Anniversaries in Europe and the United States Today. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
31.
KernS (1983) The Culture of Time and Space 1880–1918. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
32.
LentzC (2013) The 2010 independence jubilees: the poetics and politics of national commemoration in Africa. Nations and Nationalism19(2): 217–2−37.
33.
McCroneDMcPhersonG (eds) (2009) National Days: Constructing and Mobilizing National Identity. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.
34.
MammoneA (2006) A daily revision of the past: fascism, anti-Fascism and memory in Italy. Modern Italy11(2): 211–226.
35.
MarschallS (2013) Public holidays as lieux de mémoire: nation-building and the politics of public memory in South Africa. Anthropology Southern Africa36(1–2): 11–21.
36.
MisztalB (2003) Durkheim on collective memory. Journal of Classical Sociology2: 123–143.
37.
NevolaG (2015) Le feste della repubblica: memorie, fratture e patriottismo costituzionale. In: SalvatiMSciollaL (eds) L’Italia e le sue regioni, vol. 3. Rome: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana, pp. 275–294.
38.
OlickJK (1999) Genre memories and memory genres: a dialogical analysis of May 8, 1945 commemorations in the Federal Republic of Germany. American Sociological Review64: 381–402.
39.
OlickJK (2007) The Politics of Regret: On Collective Memory and Historical Responsibility. London: Routledge.
40.
PortelliA (ed.) (2017) Calendario civile. Per una memoria laica, popolare e democratica degli italiani. Rome: Donzelli Editore.
41.
RidolfiM (2003) Le feste nazionali. Bologna: Il Mulino.
42.
SaitoH (2006) Reiterated commemoration: Hiroshima as national trauma. Sociological Theory4: 353–376.
43.
SchwartzB (1996) Memory as a cultural system: Abraham Lincoln in Worl War 2. American Sociological Review61(5): 908–927.
44.
SchwartzB (2008) Collective memory and abortive commemoration: President’s Day and the American holiday calendar. Social Research75(1): 75–110.
SorokinP (1943) Sociocultural Causality: Space, Time. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
47.
SorokinPMertonRK (1937) Social time: a methodological and functional analysis. American Sociological Review42(5): 615–629.
48.
TomashevskiB (1965 [1925]) Thematics. In: LeeLReidsM (eds) Russian Formalist Criticism. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 61–95pp. 61–95.
49.
VellemanJD (2003) Narrative explanation. The Philosophical Review112(1): 1–25.
50.
WarnerWL (1961) The Family of God: A Symbolic Study of Christian Life in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
51.
Watts-MillerW (2000) Durkheimian time. Time & Society1: 5–20.
52.
WhiteH (1980) The value of narrativity in the representation of reality. Critical Inquiry7(1): 5–27.
53.
ZamparuttiL (2017) Brava gente and the counter re(public) of Italy: constructing the foibe as a national symbol. Romance Studies35: 12–30.
54.
ZerubavelE (1977) The French republican calendar: a case study in the sociology of time. American Sociological Review42(6): 868–877.
55.
ZerubavelE (1981) Hidden Rhythms. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
56.
ZerubavelE (1982a) Easter and passover: on calendars and group identity. American Sociological Review47(2): 284–289.
57.
ZerubavelE (1982b) The standardization of time: a sociohistorical perspective. American Journal of Sociology88(1): 1–23.
58.
ZerubavelE (1987) The language of time: towards a semiotics of temporality. Sociological Quarterly28(3): 343–356.
59.
ZerubavelE (1997) Social Mindscapes: An Invitation to Cognitive Sociology. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
60.
ZerubavelE (2003a) Calendars and history: a comparative study of the social organization of national memory. In: OlickJK (ed.) States of Memory: Continuities, Conflicts, and Transformations in National Retrospection. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 315–337.
61.
ZerubavelE (2003b) Time Maps. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
62.
ZerubavelE (2004) The social marking of the past: toward a socio-semiotics of memory. In: FriedlandRMohrJ (eds) Matters of Culture: Cultural Sociology in Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 184–195.
