A simple method to obtain extracts enriched in bioactive limonoids from Citrus aurantium L. seeds has been developed, using solvents of increasing polarity. 1H NMR data from the extracts revealed that the highest amounts of limonoids were present in the t-butylmethylether extract. The comparison between extracts obtained from dormant and germinating seeds showed that the latter contained almost double amounts of limonoids, revealing germinating seeds as an excellent source of those bioactive compounds.
BayazitV, KonarV. (2010) Biochemical and physiological evaluations of limonoids as potential cancer destroyers. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 1099–1107;
2.
HarrisED, PouloseSM, PatilBS (2007) Citrus limonoids are unique and effective anticancer agents. Acta Horticulturae, 744, 165–170;
3.
LamLKT, LiY, HasegawaS. (1989) Effects of citrus limonoids on glutathione S-transferase activity in mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37, 878–880.
4.
MillerEG, FanousR, Rivera-HidalgoF, BinnieWH, HasegawaS, LamLKT (1989) The effect of citrus limonoids on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 10, 1535–1537.
5.
JayaprakashaGK, JadegoudY, NaganaGowda GA, PatilBS. (2010) BS Bioactive compounds from sour orange inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrestJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 180–186.
6.
MannersGD (2007) Citrus limonoids: analysis, bioactivity and biomedical prospectsJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry55, 8285–8294;
7.
AmitR, ShailendraS (2006) Limonoids: Overview of significant bioactive triterpenes distributed in plant kingdomBiological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29, 191–201.
8.
KlockeJA, KuboI. (1982) Citrus limonoid by-products as insect control agents. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 32, 299–301.
9.
ChampagneDE, KoulO, IsmanMB, ScudderGGE, TowersGHL. (1992) Biological activity of limonoids from Rutales. Phytochemistry, 31, 377–394;
10.
JiménezA, MataR, Pereda-MirandaR, CalderonJ, IsmanMB, NicolR, ArnasonJT (1997) Insecticidal limonoids from Swietenia humilis and Cedrela salvadorensis. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23, 1225–1234;
11.
NakataniM (1999) Limonoids from Melia toosendan (Meliaceae) and their antifeedant activity. Heterocycles, 50, 595–609.
12.
KeffordJF, ChandlerBV (1970) The Chemical Constituents of Citrus Fruits. Academic Press, New York, 1–246.
13.
RouseffRL, NagyS. (1982) Distribution of limonoids in citrus seeds. Phytochemistry, 21, 85–90.
14.
HasegawaS, OuP, FongCH, HermanZ, CogginsCW, AtkinDR (1991) Changes in the limonoate A ring lactone and limonin 17-β-D-glucopyranoside content of navel oranges during fruit growth and maturation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 39, 262–265;
OliverHE (1948) The bitter principles of Citrus fruit. I. Isolation of Nomilin, a new bitter principle from the seeds of oranges and lemons. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 70, 545–549;
17.
BennettRD, HasegawaS (1980) Isolimonic acid, a new citrus limonoid. Phytochemistry, 19, 2417–2419;
18.
DreyerDL (1966) Citrus bitter principles. VI. Ichangin. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 31, 2279–2281;
19.
BartonDHR, PradhanSK, SternhellS, TempletonJF (1961) Triterpenoids. XXV. Constitution of limonin and related bitter principles. Journal of the Chemical Society, 255–275.
