Abstract
Introduction
Media and broadcasting content on both social media platforms and digital television raise various issues that have various consequences, especially consequences that tend to be considered negative among children. Studies in social psychology show the effects of media exposure on children’s attitudes and behavior, often the dangers of aggressive media exposure, and the sexualization of commercial media content (Livingstone, 2016). Media has a very important role in children’s lives because it has become part of their environment, family life, fun and play time, study habits, and development of social skills (Council of Europe, 2019). In this context, the government, media content producers, media activists and the public need to know these consequences. Regulatory factors are one of the most relevant topics in discussions regarding the regulation of children’s rights as audiences in media and broadcasting issues. Media regulations are very basic in regulating the use of broadcast media in a country (Flew et al., 2019). This media regulation is important for children, the limitations of their abilities, and the latent impact caused by the media if not overcome through adequate media regulation (Poulain et al., 2023). In digital media content, the Internet is like a living object that continues to actively adapt and update to meet users’ information needs, posing a serious challenge in discussing media regulation issues globally. Media policies should focus on citizen empowerment and media literacy education policies should also consider related aspects such as teachers and parents (Mateus, 2021).
The psychological impact of media exposure on children needs special attention in drafting regulations in various countries according to their respective characteristics. In Indonesia itself, the Central Statistics Agency shows data on the number of internet users aged 5 to 12 years in 2022 to 2023 amounting to 12.43% of the 275.77 million population. This can be interpreted as meaning that 34.28 million Indonesian children aged kindergarten to elementary school have used the internet as part of their daily activities (Nurhanisah, 2023). Children aged 5 to 12 years have become part of a large audience in the media industry in Indonesia. Even too much media consumption in children will have an impact on their own behavior skills in children (Inoue et al., 2016). Media regulations have a role in regulating the production system and industrial economic system that develops in the media business ecosystem. This regulates the rights and limitations that are considered ideal in the state’s plan to increase literacy that focuses on fulfilling children’s rights to appropriate information.
Following up on issues related to discussions regarding the fulfillment of children’s rights in broadcasting industry regulations, we collected various articles that discuss this matter to understand the issues globally. This research is preliminary research carried out in a research design that tries to understand issues related to fulfilling children’s rights in the information presented on various media and information platforms. We utilize a bibliometric approach aimed at mapping how these issues are discussed in general from various perspectives and problems related to media and broadcasting regulations and the fulfillment of children’s rights. Several studies are concerned with discussing the fulfillment of children’s rights, such as Livingstone (2016) which emphasizes the perspective of the government’s obligations in fulfilling children’s rights in the digital era as stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of Children. Livingstone and Third (2017) in their research also encourage an appropriate approach based on Rights-based approaches to fulfill children’s rights in their practical activities that interact with digital media. The media has great potential in playing an important role to advocate for children’s rights and it is the responsibility of all stakeholders to spread awareness so that these rights can be realized (UNICEF, 2018). We try to understand this discussion broadly and map the position of related research and its contribution both specifically in Indonesia and broadly at the global level.
In the Indonesian context, efforts to build attention to broadcasting regulatory issues still focus on several aspects and have not yet reached aspects such as efforts to regulate broadcasting regulations related to children’s rights. In 2012, media and broadcasting researchers together with the Center for Innovation Policy and Governance conducted an in-depth study of the development of media policy in Indonesia. The research report states the need to follow the dynamics of media policy development to be able to understand the public studies included in the implementation of media policies made by the government, especially in Indonesia. In the past decade, media policy in Indonesia has focused more on discussing the consequences of media aggregation, where the media is only centralized by a few owners (Tapsell, 2019). There is also research regarding television media use among children in Indonesia. This shows the minimal discussion of regulations based on the audience.
We base this research assumption on efforts to explore how media regulation issues relate to the fulfillment of children’s rights in their interaction activities in the digital media ecosystem. In their research Livingstone and Third (2017) it shows that there is still little mainstream policy research that concentrates on children’s well-being issues that shows attention and attention to research in this field. Most of the research in this field still views this condition neutrally, although on the other hand, the context of children should be considered to be in a more vulnerable situation and requires special arrangements. We understand that discussions about children in various issues in the digital space such as privacy and level of knowledge are always issues of discussion, however Livingstone (2016) assess the provision of regulations that regulate these rights practically, such as laws that protect Children’s rights still receive little attention.
The research objective is based on the curious and interesting to describe how the research topic of media and broadcast regulations related to children’s rights in the broadcast media and digital content industry have contributed to the research field and how the topics are discussed among the field. This preliminary research was carried out using a bibliometric approach to map specifically how issues regarding children’s rights are discussed in broadcast media regulations. As a bibliometric approach, this research tries to look broadly at how this issue is discussed, explains the gap between various similar studies to offer new scope in research related to broadcasting regulations that focus on children’s rights, and explains the contribution of research that discusses issues relevant to this research. In general, this research was conducted to answer how communication media research is developing which discusses media regulations and children. Furthermore, it can become the basis for further research in the study of media and children’s regulations both globally and specifically in Indonesia.
Literature Review
Bibliometric as a Study
The development of the Science citation index in 1955 Garfield (2006) in a multidisciplinary database makes it easier for academics to find article references in various fields. van Raan (2004) argues that the development of the science citation index marks the emergence of bibliometrics as a potential field in scientific research. There are many specifications and multidisciplinary databases that provide indexation of information from various journals, papers, books, and proceedings. In the end, this reference opens various potential spaces in bibliometric studies in various research fields, Glänzel et al. (2004) identifying several sub-areas in the field of bibliometric research. According to Andrés (2009) bibliometric sub-areas contain methodology research that focuses on the methodology used to carry out bibliometric research and refer to the development or improvement of bibliometric indicators. Researchers specialized in this area will basically be bibliometricians. Scientific Disciplines discuss how to apply bibliometric indicators to a given area of study. Consequently, these studies apply metrics to describe science. Science Policy, this is the most important topic in the field. Here, bibliometric studies are used to assess different levels of productivity. This research is conducted by policy makers with the aim of deciding how to distribute available resources.
In several sub-areas of bibliometric research, one of the interesting things to discuss is the science policy sub-area. In the bibliometric research that we conducted, the issue focus that we presented was related to media and broadcasting policies, especially those that focus on the rights of children as audiences. The context in the sub-area Andrés (2009) is one of the underlying reasons for this research to be carried out using a bibliometric approach. Bibliometric research can be said to be an analysis based on author linkages, abstracts, citation levels, and other metric data in a journal. Data taken from journals that have been withdrawn by researchers, either manually or obtained using additional tools, such as Publish or Perish. Bibliometric analysis provides benefits in deciphering and mapping cumulative scientific knowledge from current fields by understanding large amounts of data and in greater detail (Donthu, Kumar, Pattnaik, & Lim, 2021). Next, bibliometric analysis is carried out to find the novelty of a study, in this way we can find four things. First, gain a one-stop overview. Second, identify knowledge gaps. Third, derive novel ideas for investigation, and fourth, position their intended contribution to the field (Donthu, Kumar, Mukherjee, et al., 2021).
Related Works
Literature reviews primarily offer an overview of a specific research issue or problem. They are often conducted using bibliometrics to evaluate the current state of knowledge on a particular topic, typically to establish a research agenda, identify research gaps, or discuss a specific issue. As noted by Snyder (2019), “Indeed, bibliometrics is a constantly changing science, and bibliometrix has the flexibility to be quickly upgraded and integrated. Its development can address a large and active community of developers formed by prominent researchers. The advantages are direct” (Linnenluecke et al., 2020). Various tools are available to collect research journals, making it essential to gather data and compile it into a visual format that clearly represents research development. Bibliometric mapping can be categorized into two aspects: the construction of bibliometric maps and the graphical representation of these maps (van Eck & Waltman, 2010). This process aims to provide visuals that effectively convey comprehensively studied developments, including aspects such as year, authors, co-authors, and research fields. Bibliometrics is a method recognized as a scientific specialty and is an integral part of research evaluation methodology, especially within scientific and applied fields (Ellegaard & Wallin, 2015). It involves defining the boundaries of research and understanding the intellectual structure of a scientific field, which is crucial not only for advancing research but also for informed policy-making and practice (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017) .
Bibliometric studies can see the extent to which research related to a particular topic has been studied, as well as what research trends have developed in recent years. On the topic of media regulation, for example, research was conducted by academics at the Communication Sciences study program at Loughborough University (Stanyer & Mihelj, 2016). Analyzing 138 journals divided into three major topics, production, text, and audience. The highest trend mapping is in the Production Theme with 54 journals, which include research on campaigning practices, media systems, forms of broadcasting, organizations, industries, policy, professions, and technologies. This research aims to determine the development of research trends relevant to the topic of media regulation and children. Another research, research managed by HIVOS, an international cooperation organization, examines the media policy landscape in Indonesia. Tracing the background of existing media policies in Indonesia based on the period of government. Such as the Press Law and Broadcasting Law with their respective changes during the reigns of Soekarno, Soeharto, and BJ Habibie. This research examines the extent to which the media is biased toward the public and how potential political agendas emerge in the media in Indonesia (Tapsell, 2019). There is also research that discusses media concentration in Indonesia, how the media in Indonesia is only owned by a few media owners, which has an impact on the lack of diversity of media content in Indonesia.
Research Question
Research specifically examines media and broadcasting policies related to fulfilling the rights of children as audiences is the focus of this research. van Dijck (2013) state that we may witness a moment when very important children’s rights are shaped by the digital context as digital platforms redefine identity, privacy, sociality, and various needs determined by the interests of the platform owner. We see that research focusing on the issue of children’s rights is something that must be studied as part of primary policy. This bibliometric research is the first step to further mapping how media research discusses issues related to media and children’s rights, highlights them, and explores how much research that focuses on children’s rights in media and broadcasting policy is discussed in research in the realm of media studies and communication policy.
Based on the explanation above, this article aims to answer questions relevant to the objectives of bibliometric studies, the question consists of:
Q1. What is the trend and focus discussion related to children’s rights on media and broadcasting policies throughout 2010 to 2024?
Methods
Research methods in bibliometric analysis include the application of quantitative techniques (i.e., bibliometric analysis, citational analysis) which utilize bibliometric data (Broadus, 1987; Donthu, Kumar, Mukherjee, et al., 2021). Bibliometric research methods are used to conduct reviews of journals which typically become the initial basis for a discussion topic that has developed in subsequent research (Donthu et al., 2020). In this analysis, we apply various bibliometric approaches that can support the analysis process in accordance with standards in bibliometric research, such as Gephi,
The quality of a bibliometric analysis is very dependent on the quality of the input data set. Therefore, to minimize the analysis bias of the literature dedicated to cooperation on migration, this article used the SALSA framework proposed by Booth et al. (2021). This framework embodies a four-stage process (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, and Analysis), summarized by the mnemonic SALSA.
Sample selection SALSA framework process.
Authors classified the data using two platforms, Rstudio to compile data classification based on affiliation, citation index, and the required data structure. Then utilize
Result
General Information
Literature on Media Regulation and Children’s rights has been a significant research topic between 2010 and 2023 when considering the total number of published articles based on our general dataset. A total of 169 authors participated in the creation of the 89 documents analyzed from 78 sources. From these documents we found that 38 (42%) documents published by single author and 14.61% article published by international co-authorship. This means that the collaboration involved cooperation of experts from different fields within elaborates the topics of media relations and children’s rights. It is evident that these documents are highly appreciated in the academic arena from the average citation per document, which is 10.91 times. Table 1 presents all relevant general information about the data set used in this study.
General Dataset Information.
The results of data collection carried out on the Scopus journal database in the 2010 to 2023 period can be seen and described from various perspectives. One of them illustrates how research related to the topic of media regulation and children is growing quantitatively in conveying research results from various countries to illustrate how issues like this are discussed (Figure 1).
Annual Publication 2010–2023.
In the trend that we present 89 articles in the 2010 to 2023 period, in terms of quantity, there was an increase in the number of articles from year to year, especially in 2020 to 2022 there was a high increase in the number of articles related to these specific topics. The data is only drawn from the Scopus journal database, so it does not describe all publications available in the science journal database. Even though we only emphasize one science journal database, we believe that the use of the Scopus database as one of the most reputable science journal databases in the world is sufficient to provide an overview of the actual situation related to the research landscape related to the issue of “Media Regulation and Children.”
Bibliometric research offers an attempt to understand the foundations for discovering novelty in a research topic. This approach is a way to explain the development of a topic which can make it easier for researchers to understand several things such as (1) broadening the point of view of a particular topic, (2) identifying knowledge gaps, (3) offering new ideas to be explored further (investigation), (4) positioning the contribution of research in a particular field to be understood. Based on its objectives, bibliometric studies do not just stop at mapping articles in general. Authors emphasizes two things that must also be manifested in bibliometric analysis, (1) performance analysis, (2) scientific mapping. These two things emphasize efforts to explore the alignment of specific contexts in explaining research results, as is the aim of the bibliometric study itself.
Bibliometric Performance Analysis
According to the data presented in Figure 2, Australia has the highest number of articles, totaling 155. Following Australia is Chile, with 123 articles. In contrast, Austria has the fewest articles, with only 19. Additionally, Figure 3 highlights that the most prominent article is authored by Anna Potter, who has written a total of four articles, including one on the development of regulations and broadcast programs in Australia. She is followed by Syed Abdul Manan, who focused on the policy of using English in children’s education.
Article’s performance on topic of media regulation and children.
Most relevant authors.
Referring to the results of metric calculations from 89 articles based on country affiliation, there are 19 countries affiliated with each article related to the keywords in this research. Although overall the country affiliation is not always single, some articles are written by more than one country affiliate. We also include citation index data for each article to show the article’s impact and contribution to topics related to this analysis. Based on the authors’ performance on Figure 2, Australia is the most average citation articles with 17.2% citation per year. By analyzing the data of article affiliated with Australia we found the very relevant article by Anna Potter that offering the discussion about media regulation and children’s issues in Australia. The four of Potter’s articles titles consist of “It’s a small world after all: New media constellations and Disney’s rising star - the global success of high school musical (2012),” “Regulating contemporary children’s television: “
The citation analysis by country, presented in Figure 2, illustrates the global discourse on children and media regulation. The distribution of contributing countries highlights their focus on children’s rights within the broadcast media landscape, particularly from a policy perspective aimed at ensuring the protection and fulfillment of these rights. Bibliometric analysis provides a broader perspective on how different nations engage with this issue, offering valuable insights into the global discourse on media regulation and children’s welfare. Furthermore, performance analysis can also be examined from the perspective of individual authors. As shown in Figure 2, country-based performance data highlights the contributions of authors engaged in this discourse and their role in providing research-based references on the topic. Figure 3 identifies Anna Potter, affiliated with a university in Australia, as a particularly influential author in this field. Notably, Australia ranks as the leading country in discussions on this topic, as reflected in the data presented in Figure 2.
Science Mapping
The Science Mapping process in bibliometric analysis is carried out to explain the relationship between various components contained in articles to see the suitability between various articles collected on one particular topic or issue. In this process, analysis is carried out regarding intellectual interactions and other relationships related to each other, such as citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, or relationships between authors. One thing that can also be done is analyzing networks and network visualization that can be seen from all the data collected.
In this study, we analyzed data from 89 articles, identifying 328 relevant keywords. Utilizing
Landscape of children and media regulation issues.
Keywords related to Children are related to various issues relevant to media regulation and media policy. In Table 3 the keywords Children, Child, or Childhood to Child’s rights are related to several articles which also discuss crucial topics, including “Advertising,” “Pornography,” “Food,” “Artificial Medium,” “Television” etc. These topics show the relevance of discussing issues surrounding the problems faced by children in their interactions with the media. We show how issues surrounding children are discussed in various studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences domain.
Keywords related to “Child,” “Children,” and “Childhood” from the 328 keywords in our dataset highlight the diversification of topics concerning children. The visualization in Table 2 identifies several high-frequency topics, reflecting global discussions on children’s rights in both television and digital broadcasting. Among the most frequently occurring issues are “Marketing” and “Beverage.” Additionally, a prominent issue that emerges is “Child Abuse,” underscoring its ongoing significance in various countries. This concern is evident in studies which examine user-driven efforts to regulate child sexual offenses on social media. Some of issues like portrayals of individuals involved in child sexual abuse materials; journalism’s role in shaping collective memory of child sexual abuse; how web-based media channels in Pakistan frame child sexual abuse etc. Research on child abuse remains a crucial component in mapping the global landscape of broadcasting issues, reflecting its continued relevance in media and policy discussions.
Relevant Keywords With Topic of “Media Regulation and Children.”
Trend Topics on Children and Media Regulation
Trend base on timespan.
However, based on the objective of bibliometric study, we suggest that the issues about media regulation and children’s rights by the concurrency doesn’t take more place in field of media regulation research as general. In other hand media has a very important role in children’s lives because it has become part of their environment, family life, fun and play time, study habits, and development of social skills (Council of Europe, 2019). Since birth, they are immediately surrounded by media, communication platforms and various content. Extensive research conducted by The Council of Europe regarding media and children shows that there are positive and negative impacts that media has on children’s development. This situation shows that there are still a few studies that elaborate on media and broadcasting regulations that are concerned with children’s rights. This bibliometric research provides an overview of research that discusses media regulation separately from fulfilling children’s rights as audiences and means of regulation, including in Indonesia and ASEAN countries in general.
Three Field Plot
In the Three field plot visualization, we can see the relationship between authors, keywords, and sources which can describe and map the topics discussed by authors based on the keywords described in the data plot Figure 6.
Three field plot.
The Routledge International Handbook of Children, Adolescents and Media score at the top with 6 publications and 41 citations. The second top publication is Media International Australia with 4 publications and 35 citations. Both sources are the most frequently publishers on the topic of media regulation, media policy, and children’s rights. Figure 6 shows the authors in group A frequently publish their articles on topics of Children and Media Policy and Children and Sexual Abuse. The Authors in group B frequently publish their articles on the topics of Children and Media Policy and Television and Advertising. In the other hand, the authors in group C most research on topics around Internet and Regulation.
Discussion and Mapping Research Relevancy
The general information section indicates that research on media regulation and children’s rights has steadily increased from 2010 to 2023. This finding is based on data from 89 journals produced by 169 authors across 78 sources. Among these journals, 42% are authored by a single writer, while 15% feature collaborations among interdisciplinary authors from various countries.
Additionally, the Bibliometric Performance Analysis highlights that the 89 research journals on media regulation and children’s rights are affiliated with 19 different countries. As illustrated in Figure 2, Australia has the highest average citations per article, with author Anna Potter emerging as a key figure due to her four significant articles published in 2012 and 2020 (Potter, 2012, 2017a, 2017b; Potter & Steemers, 2017) Chile follows, with a total of 123 citations. This data underscores a growing trend in conducting media and regulatory research across multiple countries.
Science Mapping illustrates the process of mapping research through bibliometric analysis by examining the relationships between authors based on citation patterns generated using VOSviewer. In Figure 4, 89 articles revealed 328 keywords associated with central themes such as “Advertising,” “Television,” “Child Pornography,” “Marketing,” and “Data Protection.” Data visualization indicates that issues related to digital media, data protection, and artificial media have been primary concerns in research on media regulation and children’s rights within the specified timeframe. This focus is particularly evident in Indonesia and the ASEAN region, highlighting critical gaps in the current academic discourse.
The Three-Field Plot visualization (Figure 5) demonstrates the connections between authors, keywords, and sources, indicating significant publications such as “The Routledge International Handbook of Children, Adolescents and Media” and “Media International Australia.” Prominent topics emerging from these publications include child and media policy, sexual abuse, advertising, television, and internet regulation. These findings illustrate that research concerning these issues is relatively sparse.
Despite identifying numerous keyword problems (as shown in Table 2 and Figure 4), bibliometric searches using SALSA procedures indicate that the number of articles published between 2010 and 2025 is quite limited. This suggests that these issues warrant greater attention and highlight the importance of advocating for children’s rights within the context of digital media and broadcasting in the future (Livingstone, 2016).
Based on our data analysis and visualization, research on fulfilling children’s rights within the media and broadcasting ecosystem remains a relatively niche area with limited quantitative output. The data collection and filtering process, conducted using the SALSA framework, highlights the relevance of specific keywords in the Scopus database, yielding only 89 articles within the 2010 to 2020 timespan. Moreover, (Donthu, Kumar, Mukherjee, et al., 2021) emphasize that bibliometric analysis should incorporate two fundamental dimensions: (1) performance analysis and (2) scientific mapping. Bibliometric research aligns itself with its core purpose: to systematically analyze the landscape of a particular field, identify research gaps, and offer a comprehensive understanding of its intellectual progression.
In the performance analysis, we observe a strong commitment from researchers in addressing this topic. Among the 89 mapped articles, we identify the most relevant authors based on their contributions to the core issues examined in this bibliometric study. Figure 3 presents the top 10 authors who have made the most significant contributions to this field. Notably, some scholars who have demonstrated high research output and are frequently cited as key references include Anna Potter, Syed Abdul Manan, and Sonia Livingstone. Among others the number of articles that are most often cited is Anna Potter (Potter, 2012, 2017a, 2017b; Potter & Steemers, 2017). Discussion on media and child regulation in the last 10 years. It can be seen that there are two continents, namely Australia and Europe, which have the same concerns, namely media and child regulation but differ in a more specific focus. Research in Australia has a research focus on the analysis of programs that are aired. What are the impacts and cultural products that arise as a consequence of the development of the current media system. Research trends that emerge specifically on program shows, such as Disney’s “High School Musical” program (Potter, 2012). As well as the dynamics related to the prohibition of special content about minors through regulations regulated in Australia (McLelland, 2012).
Meanwhile, in Europe, especially in the UK, research is more oriented to policy analysis in the realm of discourse on the impact of the internet on children (Livingstone, 2011). Another trend is about the trend termed “Bedroom Culture”—where children at the age of 15 to 16 prefer to spend half of their time after waking up to stay in bed and watch television shows (Bovill & Livingstone, 2001). There are also several studies that discuss more about teaching literacy using English in Pakistan (Manan, 2018; Manan et al., 2015, 2016). Based on this bibliometric research, there are six articles that have strong relevance on the topic of media regulation and children’s rights.
In the scientific mapping analysis, we examined the key topics that emerge in discussions on media regulation and children’s rights. This process involved mapping the central themes and conceptual linkages within the research landscape, offering insights into how children’s rights are framed within the media and broadcasting regulatory ecosystem. Our findings are visualized through an analysis of the keywords used across the 89 articles in the dataset. Tables 2 and 3 highlight the most significant keywords that explicitly position children’s issues within media regulation discourse. Out of 328 identified keywords, several concepts appear with high frequency, including
Topic Related Children Issues.
Furthermore, to enhance the interpretability of these keyword patterns, we generated a word cloud visualization (Figure 7), which provides a clearer representation of the dominant themes in this research domain. By analyzing these keyword trends, our study offers a comprehensive overview of the scholarly focus on children’s rights within media regulation, shedding light on key areas of concern, regulatory gaps, and potential directions for future research.
Words cloud of keywords.
From 2012 to 2016, key topics of discussion included
The shifting research focus over the years underscores the complexity of regulating media and broadcasting to ensure the fulfillment of children’s rights. This trend reflects broader global challenges in balancing freedom of expression, industry interests, and child protection within regulatory frameworks. The findings highlight the need for dynamic and adaptive media policies that can respond to the rapidly evolving digital landscape while safeguarding children’s rights as media consumers and participants.
Conclusions
This analysis spans research from various countries, diverse university affiliations, and multidisciplinary expertise within the social sciences and humanities. In terms of performance analysis, our findings reveal a core group of authors who have consistently focused on issues related to children’s rights in the media and broadcasting regulations. However, despite their contributions, research explicitly addressing how different countries regulate media and broadcasting with a child rights-based approach remains relatively scarce. There is a significant gap in discussions on the specific challenges nations face in developing and enforcing such regulations. The scholars contributing to this field bring diverse perspectives and highlight various pressing concerns, yet there is still a need for broader and more comparative analyses that examine the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks worldwide. From a scientific mapping perspective, the analysis of research trends over the past decade highlights the evolving discussions on children’s interactions with both digital and conventional broadcast platforms. The findings indicate a growing emphasis on the challenges posed by digital media ecosystems and the implications for children as media consumers. As media technologies continue to evolve, new concerns emerge, particularly regarding children’s exposure to digital platforms, data privacy, and content regulation. The increasing complexity of these issues underscores the need for robust regulatory mechanisms that safeguard children’s rights in an era of rapid technological advancement. This bibliometric study not only highlights key research contributions but also reflects how the global scholarly community perceives and responds to the challenges of protecting children in media environments. The shifting focus of research underscores an urgent need for regulatory policies that can effectively address emerging risks while ensuring that children’s rights are upheld in an evolving media landscape. The findings illustrate how the world increasingly recognizes the necessity for international and national regulatory frameworks that adapt to the complexities of digital and broadcast media, reinforcing the need for more targeted and action-oriented research in this domain.
Limitation and Implication
Limitation
This study has limitations due to its focus on Scopus-indexed journals covering the period from 2010 to 2023. Despite these constraints, we chose to use the Scopus index because of its prestigious international reputation, which allows us to represent current emerging research trends. However, focusing solely on Scopus restricts our ability to include data from other scientific databases, such as the Web of Science (WoS).
Implication
Due to these limitations, the findings do not fully capture the discussions surrounding media regulation and children’s rights. Nevertheless, this research offers valuable insights that can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of current trends in the study of media regulation and children’s rights.
Footnotes
ORCID iD
