Abstract
The 2022 sanctions against Russia created a profound exogenous shock, putting the resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the test. While SME resilience is widely studied, the specific strategic responses of family firms remain unclear. Using a multiple-case-study design, we explore how family and non-family firms in Russia develop resilience under severe sanctions. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with CEOs, triangulated with archival data, we uncover a critical divergence in the strategic pathways of family and non-family SMEs, driven by the type of CEO commitment. Specifically, affective commitment in family firms fosters a
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