Viscous dissipative MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid along a stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium and heat transfer with entropy generation effect

Abstract

This study illuminates the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of hybrid nanofluid of water conveying Copper Oxide (CuO) and Ferrous Oxide ( $F{e}_2{O}_3$ ) past a stretchable cylinder embedded in a saturated porous medium considering a uniform magnetic field in the radial direction. The important concerns of this research are to execute MHD flow of hybrid nanofluid in a porous medium, heat transfer analysis and to interpret the effects of viscous dissipation taking into account first order velocity slip, which has many applications, especially in thermal management system, material processing and energy conversion, where optimizing heat transfer and fluid flow is essential. The system of flow regulating partial differential equations is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation and which is then solved by three-stage Lobatto IIIa method (bvp4c MATLAB package) and shooting technique with fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The present results have been validated by comparing with the earlier published results. Some of the important findings of the study are given as follows. Higher value of Biot number contributes a low temperature. When $\mathrm{Bi}$ is increased from 1 to 1.2, reduction in the temperature is approximately 72% and when $\mathrm{Bi}$ is increased from 1.2 to 1.5, reduction is nearly 40%. In this way, the rate of reduction in temperature gradually decreases. Furthermore, increasing values of porosity parameter $\left(K_p\right)$ enhance the velocity. The influence of $K_p$ is significant for $0<\eta <1.5$ . In this interval, velocity increases approximately 100% when $K_p$ is increased from 0.1 to 0.2 and then from 0.2 to 1.