In the literature, there is a simultaneous discourse on urban growth and its consequences (Domingo et al., 2021; Rentschler et al., 2023) and on urban shrinkage (Jarzebski et al., 2021; Khavarian-Garmsir, 2023). The primary purpose of creating this figure is to examine how these two processes appear in Europe based on data from 2011 to 2022 and whether there are differences between European countries.
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2.
JarzebskiMPElmqvistTGasparatosA, et al. (2021) Ageing and population shrinking: implications for sustainability in the urban century. Npj Urban Sustainability1: 17.
3.
Khavarian-GarmsirAR (2023) A systematic review of shrinking cities literature: lessons from the past and directions for the future. International Planning Studies28(3–4): 219–238.
4.
RentschlerJAvnerPMarconciniM, et al. (2023) Global evidence of rapid urban growth in flood zones since 1985. Nature622: 87–92.
