Dependent upon sexual behaviour peri- and postmenopausal women are increasingly at risk of sexually transmitted infections, although the overall rates remain low when compared with younger people. Symptoms are often non-specific or absent and may be misinterpreted as being due to the menopause. In addition, both the women and their clinicians may not be aware of their infection risk, thus leading to a delayed or missed diagnosis. Risk assessment and referral for screening of infections should be carried out wherever appropriate.
Health Protection Agency. Rates of New Episodes of Selected STI Seen at GUM Clinics in UK, Diagnoses by Sex and Age group, per 100,000 Population, 2002–2006.London: Health Protection Agency, 2007
2.
SzwaboPA. Counselling about sexuality in the older person. Clin Geriatr Med2003;19:595–604
3.
PatelD, Sexual behaviour of older women. Sex TransmDis2003;30:216–20
4.
SmithLJ, MulhallJP, DeveciS, MonaghanN, ReidMC. Sex after seventy: a pilot study of sexual function in older persons. J Sex Med2007;4:1247–53
5.
GottCM, RogstadKE, RileyV, Exploring the sexual histories of older GUM clinic attenders. Int J STD AIDS2000;11:714–8
6.
LindauST, LeitschSA, LundbergKL, JeromeJ. Older women's attitudes, behaviour, and communication about sex and HIV: a community-based study. J Womens Health (Larchmt)2006;15:747–53
7.
CranstonRD, ThinRN. How common are sexually transmitted infections in the elderly?Sex Transm Inf1998;74:379
8.
FidelPLJr. History and update on host defense against vaginal candidiasis. Am J Reprod Immunol2007;57:2–12
9.
SharmaR, PickeringJ, McCormackWM. Trichomoniasis in postmenopausal woman cured after discontinuation of estrogen replacement therapy. Sex Transm Dis1997;24:543–5
10.
GottCM, RogstadKE, RileyV, Delay in symptom presentation among a sample of older GUM clinic attendees. Int J STD AIDS1998;10:43–6
11.
TobinJM, HarindraV. Attendance by older patients at a genitourinary medicine clinic. Sex Transm Inf2001;77:289
12.
MaharF, SherrardJ. Sexually transmitted infections. Sexual Health Menopause. London: 2005, Chapter 8:55–62
13.
BoskeyE. STDs and the Elderly. About.com. Updated: 21 October2007. See http://std.about.com/od/stdspecificcommunities/a/elderlystd.htm
14.
DouganS, PayneLJC, BrownAE, EvansBG, GillON. Past it? HIV and older people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Epidemiol Infect2004;132:1151–60