Premenstrual mood disorders afflict a substantial number of women of reproductive age. Medical treatments provide excellent symptomatic relief to many women but at times a poor therapeutic response or adverse effects attributable to these therapies lead women to seek alternative solutions. Oophorectomy (with concomitant hysterectomy) followed by low-dose estrogen therapy has been shown to be an effective alternative for such cases of menstrual-cycle-related mood disorder.
O'BrienPM, BackstromT, BrownC, Towards a consensus on diagnostic criteria, measurement and trial design of the premenstrual disorders: the ISPMD Montreal consensus. Arch Womens Ment Health2011;14:13–21
2.
SchmidtPJ, NiemanLK, DanaceauMA, Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome. N Engl J Med1998;338:209–16
3.
EndicottJ, AmsterdamJ, ErikssonE, Is premenstrual dysphoric disorder a distinct clinical entity?J Womens Health Gender-Based Med1999;85:663–79
4.
HuoL, StraubRE, SchmidtPJ, Risk for premenstrual dysphoric disorder is associated with genetic variation in ESR1, the estrogen receptor alpha gene. Biol Psychiatry2007;62:925–33
5.
YonkersKA, BrownC, PearlsteinTB, Efficacy of a new lowdoseoral contraceptive with drospirenone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Obstet Gynecol2005;106:492–501
6.
PearlsteinTB, BachmannGA, ZacurHA, Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with a new drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive formulation. Contraception2005;72:414–21
7.
CoffeeA, KuehlT, WillisS, Oral contraceptives and premenstrual symptoms: comparison of a 21/7 and extended regimen. Am J Obstet Gynecol2006;195:1311–9
8.
SteinerM, KorzekwaM, LamontJ, Fluoxetine in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria. N Engl J Med1995;332:1529–34
9.
SteinerM, KorzekwaM, LamontJ, WilkinsA. Intermittent fluoxetine dosing in the treatment of women with premenstrual dysphoria. Psychopharmacol Bull1997;33:771–74
10.
HowlandRH. Managing common side effects of SSRIs. Psychopharmacol2007;45:15–18
11.
MoretC, IsaacM, BrileyM. Problems associated with long-term treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Psychopharmacol2009;23:967–74
12.
ClaytonAH, MontejoAL. Major depressive disorder, antidepressants, and sexual dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry2006;67(Suppl. 6):33–7
13.
MontgomerySA, BaldwinDS, RileyA. Antidepressant medications:a review of the evidence for drug-induced sexual dysfunction. J Affect Disord2002;69:119–40
14.
NurnbergHG. An evidence-based review updating the various treatment and management approaches to serotonin reuptake inhibitor-associated sexual dysfunction. Drugs Today2008;44:147–68
15.
LongoLD. The rise and fall of Battey's operation: a fashion in surgery. Bull Hist Med1979;53:244–67
16.
RenckensCN. Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for severe premenstrual syndrome. Hum Reprod2005;20:1113–4; author reply 1114
17.
BeumontPJV, RichardsDH, GelderMG. A study of minor psychiatric and physical symptoms during the menstrual cycle. Br J Psychiat1975;126:431–34
18.
SilberM, CarlstromK, LarssonB. Premenstrual syndrome in a group of hysterectomized women of reproductive age with intact ovaries. Adv Contracept1989;5:163–71
19.
OsbornMF, GathDH. Psychological and physical determinants of premenstrual symptoms before and after hysterectomy. Psychol Med1990;20:565–72
20.
MetcalfMG, LiveseyJH, WellsJE, BraidenV, HudsonSM, BamberL. Premenstrual syndrome in hysterectomized women: Mood and Physical cyclicity. J Psychosom Res1991;35:555–67
BackstromCT, BoyleH, BoyleDT. Persistence of symptoms of premenstrual tension in hysterectomized women. Br J Obstet Gynecol1981;88:530–6
23.
FrankRT. The hormonal causes of premenstrual tension. Arch Neurol Psychiat1931;26:1053
24.
HahnPM, Van VugtDA, ReidRL. A randomized placebo controlled crossover trial of danazol for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology1995;20:193–209
25.
HalbreichU. Rojansky N. Palter S. Elimination of ovulation and menstrual cyclicity (with danazol) improves dysphoric premenstrual syndromes. Fertil Steril1991;56:1066–9
26.
MagosAL, BrincatM, StuddJWW. Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome by subcutaneous estradiol implants and cyclical oral norethisterone: placebo controlled study. Br Med J1986;292:1629–33
27.
MuseKN, CetelNS, FuttermanL, YenSSC. The premenstrual syndrome: effects of ‘medical ovariectomy’. N Engl J Med1984;311:1345–49
28.
MortolaJF, GirtonL, FischerU. Successful treatment of severe premenstrual syndrome by combined use of gonadotropin- releasing hormone agonist and estrogen/progestin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1991;72:252A–2F
29.
MezrowG, ShoupeD, SpicerD, LoboR, LeungB, PikeM. Depot leuprolide acetate with estrogen and progestin add back for long-term treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Fertil Steril1994;62:932–7
30.
WyattKM. Dimmock PW. Ismail KM. et al. The effectiveness of GnRHa with and without ‘add-back’ therapy in treating premenstrual syndrome: a meta analysis. BJOG2004;111:585–93
31.
HammarbackS, BackstromCT, HolstJ, Von SchoultzB, LyrenasS. Cyclical mood changes as in the premenstrual tension syndrome during sequential oestrogen-progestagen postmenopausal replacement therapy. Acta Obstet Gynecologo Scand1985;65:393–7
32.
HenshawC, ForemanD, BelcherJ, CoxJ, O'BrienS. Can one induce premenstrual symptomatology in women with prior hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy?J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol1996;17:21–8,1996
33.
KirkhamC, ReidRL, HahnPM, Van VugtDA, CarmichaelJA. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial to assess the side effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate in hormone replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol1991;78:93–7
34.
CassonP, HahnP, VanVugtDA, ReidRL. Lasting response to ovariectomy in severe intractable premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol1990;162:99–102
35.
CasperRF, HearnMT. The effect of hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol1990;162:105–9
36.
CronjeWH, VashishtA, StuddJW. Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for severe premenstrual syndrome. Hum Reprod2004;19:2152–5
37.
ReidRL, ClarkeC. Long-term outcomes for women with severe intractable PMS managed by hysterectomy/oophorectomy and estrogen replacement therapy (Abstract). 14th World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), Montreal, Quebec, 24–30 September 1994
38.
ShifrenJL, AvisNE. Surgical menopause: effects on psychological well-being and sexuality. Menopause2007;14:586–91
39.
SuttonC. Past, present and future of hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol17:421–35
40.
GallagherJC. Effect of early menopause on bone mineral density and fractures. Menopause2007;14:567–71
41.
LindsayR, GallagherJC, KleerekoperM, PickarJH. Effect of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone in early postmenopausal women. JAMA2002;287:2668–76
42.
AtsmaF, BartelinkML, GrobbeeDE, van der SchouwYT. Postmenopausal status and early menopause as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Menopause2006;13:265–79
43.
AllisonMA, MansonJE, LangerRD, Oophorectomy, hormone therapy, and subclinical coronary artery disease in women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative coronary artery calcium study. Menopause2008;15:639–47
44.
TrichopoulosD, MacMahonB, ColeP. Menopause and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst1972;48:605–13
45.
SpicerDV, PikeMC. Future possibilities in the prevention of breast cancer: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Br Cancer Res2000;2:264–7