Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Medical ICU Patients: Annual Utilization in Relation to the Incidence of Endoscopically Proven Stress Ulceration

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To measure changes in the proportion of medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients prescribed pharmacologic stress ulcer prophylaxis therapy over a 4-year period in relation to the incidence of stress-related ulceration detected by endoscopy at our institution.

DESIGN:

Retrospective 4-year review of pharmacy and endoscopy databases.

SETTING:

A 35-bed MICU.

PATIENTS:

Patients (n = 2941) admitted to the MICU for longer than 24 hours, between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1996, without acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage on admission.

METHODS:

Records were reviewed to identify patients prescribed pharmacologic stress ulcer prophylaxis (>24 h of sucralfate or a histamine₂-receptor antagonist [H₂RA]), and patients with evidence of stress ulceration during endoscopy.

RESULTS:

The number of patients per year receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis significantly (p < 0.001) decreased between 1993 and 1996: 1993, 492/693 (71%); 1994, 478/798 (60%); 1995, 295/670 (44%); 1996, 164/780 (21%). There was no difference between years in the median duration of stress ulcer prophylaxis therapy or the proportion of patients receiving sucralfate versus H₂RA therapy. There was no difference (p = 0.91) between years in the annual incidence of definite or possible stress-related ulceration: 1993, 6/693 (0.87%); 1994, 5/798 (0.63%); 1995, 6/670 (0.90%); 1996, 5/780 (0.64%).

CONCLUSIONS:

The incidence of endoscopically proven stress-related ulceration has remained unchanged over the past 4 years in our MICU despite significantly fewer patients receiving pharmacologic stress ulcer prophylaxis therapy.