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Abstract

We consider the Ginzburg–Landau functional with a variable applied magnetic field in a bounded and smooth two-dimensional domain. The applied magnetic field varies smoothly and is allowed to vanish non-degenerately along a curve. Assuming that the strength of the applied magnetic field varies between two characteristic scales, and the Ginzburg–Landau parameter tends to $+ \infty$ , we determine an accurate asymptotic formula for the minimizing energy and show that the energy minimizers have vortices. The new aspect in the presence of a variable magnetic field is that the density of vortices in the sample is not uniform.

Keywords

superconductivity Ginzburg–Landau variable magnetic field minimizers vortices

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