Wireless Ad hoc Sensor Network (WASN) is becoming a demandable and evolving area of engineering which has been currently engaged in various fields particularly to make wireless communication system effective and reliable. WASN is resolving real time applications in the places where topographical, ecological terrains and atmospheric phenomenon are ever fluctuating. In this paper, a Hybrid Multi Hop Mobility assisted cluster routing protocol has been proposed for maximizing the system performance and throughput under heterogeneous real time mobile sensor network environment, by uniformly distributing energy among the sensor nodes. The behavior of node mobility here is being used to manage power consumption in cluster routing process. This can help researchers to project and design efficient energy aware wireless routing applications like tracking and data capturing in those areas where the network topology is ever changing. The proposed protocol can makes the communication network capable of routing packets to the base station in adverse and dynamic conditions with prolonged network operation.
A.E.A.A.Abdulla, H.Nishiyama and N.Kato, Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks: A hybrid routing algorithm, Computer Communications35(9) (2012), 1056–1063.
2.
S.Ali and S.Madani, Distributed efficient multi hop clustering protocol for mobile sensor networks, The International Arab Journal of Information Technology8(3) (2011), 302–308.
3.
L.M.C.Arboleda and N.Nasser, Comparison of clustering algorithms and protocols for wireless sensor networks, in: Proceeding of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE 2006), Ottawa, ON, 2006, pp. 1787–1792. doi:10.1109/CCECE.2006.277358.
4.
N.Aschenbruck, E.Gerhards-Padilla and P.Martini, A survey on mobility models for performance analysis in tactical mobile networks, J. Telecommun. Inform. Technology2 (2008), 54–61.
5.
F.Bai and A.Helmy, A survey of mobility models in wireless ad hoc networks, in: Wireless Ad hoc and Sensor Networks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, pp. 1–30.
6.
S.Banerjee and S.Khuller, A clustering scheme for hierarchical control in multi-hop wireless networks, in: Proceedings of 20th Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOMS’01), 22–26 April 2001, Anchorage, AK, pp. 1028–1037. doi:10.1109/INFCOM.2001.916296.
7.
S.Bhattacharjee and S.Bandyopadhyay, Lifetime maximizing dynamic energy efficient routing protocol for multi hop wireless networks, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory32 (2013), 15–29. doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2012.11.006.
8.
M.Bouaziz and A.Rachedi, A survey on mobility management protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks based on 6LoWPAN technology, Computer Communications, in press, Corrected proof, available online 22 October 2014. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2014.10.004.
9.
T.Camp, J.Boleng and V.Davies, A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research, Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing, Wiley, Special Issue on Mobile Ad hoc Networking: Research, Trends and Applications2(5) (2002), 483–502. doi:10.1002/wcm.72.
10.
C.-Y.Chong and S.P.Kumar, Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities and challenges, Proceedings of the IEEE91(8) (2003), 1247–1256. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2003.814918.
11.
S.Das, S.Barman and J.D.Sinha, Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor network, Procedia Technology6 (2012), 731–738. doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2012.10.088.
12.
A.Doci, G.Samakovitis and V.Raju, Impact of mobility in ad hoc protocol design, in: Proceeding of IEEE WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE’09), 31 March, 2009–2 April, 2009, Los Angeles, CA, IEEE, 2009, pp. 38–43.
13.
Z.Haibo, W.Yuanming and X.Guangzhong, EDFM: A stable election protocol based on energy dissipation forecast method for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2009, pp. 3544–3547. doi:10.1109/WICOM.2009.5304152.
14.
S.Halder and S.Das Bit, Enhancement of wireless sensor network lifetime by deploying heterogeneous nodes, Journal of Network and Computer Applications38 (2014), 106–124. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2013.03.008.
15.
D.-S.Kim and Y.-J.Chung, Self-organization routing protocol supporting mobile nodes for wireless sensor network, in: Proceedings of the IEEE First International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS ’06), Hanzhou, Zhejiang, 20–24 June 2006, IEEE, 2006, pp. 622–626. doi:10.1109/IMSCCS.2006.265.
16.
S.Kumar, M.Prateek, N.J.Ahuja and B.Bhushan, DE-LEACH: Distance and energy aware LEACH, International Journal of Computer Applications88(9) (2014).
17.
C.-K.Liang, Y.-J.Huang and J.-D.Lin, An energy efficient routing scheme in wireless sensor networks, in: Proc. of IEEE Advanced Information Networking and Applications-Workshops (AINAW’08), IEEE, 2008, pp. 916–921. doi:10.1109/WAINA.2008.199.
18.
V.Loscri, G.Morabito and S.Marano, A two levels hierarchy for low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (TL-LEACH), in: Proceedings of the IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC’05), 25–28 September 2005, IEEE, 2005, pp. 1809–1813. doi:10.1109/VETECF.2005.1558418.
19.
D.Mahmood, N.Javaid, S.Mahmood, S.Qureshi, A.M.Memon and T.Zaman, MODLEACH: A variant of LEACH for WSNs, in: Proceeding of Eighth IEEE International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), 2013, pp. 158–163. doi:10.1109/BWCCA.2013.34.
20.
A.Manjeshwar and D.P.Agrawal, TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks, in: Proc. of 1st Intl. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing, 23–27 April 2000, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2000, pp. 2009–2015. doi:10.1109/IPDPS.2001.925197.
21.
A.Manjeshwar and D.P.Agrawal, APTEEN: A hybrid protocol for efficient routing and comprehensive information retrieval in wireless sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS’02), Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA, 15–19 April 2002, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2002, p. 48. doi:10.1109/IPDPS.2002.1016600.
22.
A.Merlo, M.Migliardi and L.Caviglione, A survey on energy-aware security mechanisms, Pervasive and Mobile Computing, Special Issue on Secure Ubiquitous Computing24 (2015), 77–90. doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2015.05.005.
23.
V.Mhatre and C.Rosenberg, Design guidelines for wireless sensor networks: Communication, clustering and aggregation, Ad hoc Networks2(1) (2004), 45–63. doi:10.1016/S1570-8705(03)00047-7.
24.
M.Migliardi and A.Merlo, Improving energy efficiency in distributed intrusion detection systems, Journal of High Speed Networks19(3) (2013), 251–264. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2595811.
25.
M.Migliardi and A.Merlo, Modeling the energy consumption of distributed IDS: A step towards green security, in: Proceedings of the 34th IEEE International Convention MIPRO (MIPRO’11), Opatija, pp. 1452–1457. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5967289&tag=1.
26.
A.Nayebi and H.Sarbazi-Azad, Performance modeling of the LEACH protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing71(6) (2011), 812–821. doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2011.02.004.
27.
B.Nazir and H.Hasbullah, Energy efficient and QoS aware routing protocol for clustered wireless sensor network, Computers & Electrical Engineering39(8) (2013), 2425–2441. doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2013.06.011.
28.
L.T.Nguyen, X.Defago, R.Beuran and Y.Shinoda, An energy efficient routing scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks, in: Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS’08), 21–24 October 2008, Reykjavik, pp. 568–572. doi:10.1109/ISWCS.2008.4726120.
29.
A.Papadopoulos, A.Navarra, J.A.McCann and C.M.Pinotti, VIBE: An energy efficient routing protocol for dense and mobile sensor networks, Journal of Network and Computer Applications35(4) (2012), 1177–1190. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2011.05.004.
30.
L.Qing, Q.Zhu and M.Wang, Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, Computer Communications29(12) (2006), 2230–2237. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2006.02.017.
31.
P.Santi, Topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, ACM Computing Surveys37(2) (2005), 164–194. doi:10.1145/1089733.1089736.
32.
R.Silva, J.Sa Silva and F.Boavida, Mobility in wireless sensor networks – Survey and proposal, Computer Communications52(1) (2014), 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2014.05.008.
33.
G.Smaragdakis, I.Matta and A.Bestavros, SEP: A stable election protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, in: Proc of the Int’l Workshop on in Second International Workshop on Sensor and Actor Network Protocols and Applications (SANPA’04), 2004, pp. 251–261.
34.
S.Tanwar, N.Kumar and J.J.P.C.Rodrigues, A systematic review on clustering and routing techniques based upon LEACH protocol for wireless sensor networks, Journal of Network and Computer Applications36(2) (2013), 623–645. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2012.12.001.
35.
S.Tanwar, N.Kumar and J.J.P.C.Rodrigues, A systematic review on heterogeneous routing protocols for wireless sensor network, Journal of Network and Computer Applications53 (2015), 39–56. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2015.03.004.
36.
M.Wu, C.Kim and H.Park, A gateway selections using signal strength among clusters in ad hoc networks, in: Proc. of 7th International Conference on Information Security and Assurance, Vol. 21, ASTL, 2013, pp. 180–185, onlinepresent.org/proceedings/vol21_2013/46.pdf.
37.
W.Xiaobing, C.Guihai and D.Sajal, Avoiding energy holes in wireless sensor networks with non-uniform node distribution, IEEE Transaction on Parallel and Distributed Systems19(5) (2008), 710–720. doi:10.1109/TPDS.2007.70770.
38.
Y.Xu and H.Qi, Decentralized reactive clustering for collaborative processing in sensor networks, in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS’04), 7–9 July 2004, IEEE, 2004, pp. 54–61. doi:10.1109/ICPADS.2004.1316080.
39.
G.S.Kumar, M.V.Vinu Paul and K.P.Jacob, Mobility metric based LEACH-Mobile protocol, in: 16th IEEE International Advanced Computing and Communications Conference, ADCOM’08, December 14–17, 2008, IEEE, 2008, pp. 248–253. doi:10.1109/ADCOM.2008.4760456.
40.
S.Yoon and C.Shahabi, Exploiting spatial correlation towards an energy efficient clustered aggregation technique (CAG), in: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’05), 16–20 May 2005, IEEE, 2005, pp. 82–98. doi:10.1109/ICC.2005.1495034.
41.
M.Younis, P.Munshi, G.Gupta and S.M.Elsharkawy, On efficient clustering of wireless sensor networks, in: Proceeding of Second IEEE Workshop on Dependability and Security in Sensor Networks and Systems (DSSNS 2006), 24–28 April 2006, Columbia, MD, IEEE, 2006, pp. 78–91. doi:10.1109/DSSNS.2006.8.
42.
O.Younis and S.Fahmy, HEED: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing3(4) (2004), 660–669. doi:10.1109/TMC.2004.41.
43.
M.Yu, J.H.Li and R.Levy, Mobility resistant clustering in multi-hop wireless networks, Journal of Networks1(1) (2006), 12–19. doi:10.4304/jnw.1.1.12-19.
