Statistics has been traditionally based on administrative boundaries(country, states, etc.) and, in few cases, on operational boundaries(enumeration areas, output areas). Climate hazards, however, disregard these boundaries. Statistics based on the geography of climate hazards need to be considered. The level of granularity of statistical data is quite low in most cases but a reduction in the size of aggregation units is necessary to meet the geography needs of climate hazards. Nowadays, these tasks are easier to perform due to the technological advances in GIS and its growing use in national statistical offices.
This paper discusses a case study in Brazil that uses aggregate Population Census microdata in small and regular geographical units to characterize the population settled in areas susceptible to geological hazards and flooding on the northern coast of São Paulo.
The paper finds that Census data, combined with data on the geography of climate hazards, can significantly improve our understanding of hazards and vulnerability, but many steps are necessary before this result can be achieved. The existence of georeferenced statistical or environmental data is not enough. A common spatial unit or basis for both data types is required so that data integration can be simple, quick, and effective.
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