Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The rejection of neoliberalism in Latin America at the time of the new millennium led to a wave of ‘post-neoliberal’ governments that sought to renegotiate the relationship between state and market and pioneer new forms of inclusive welfare. These governments attempted to implement a new economic model that bore some similarities to social democracy, alongside greater emphasis on recognition and identity politics. As this period gradually closes, we ask what accounts for the difficulties of institutionalising redistributive Leftist governance in Latin America. In so doing, we draw attention to the embeddedness of the idea of neoliberal governance, globally and regionally. Whilst the weaknesses of the Latin American Left are real, the return of neoliberalism reflects the fact it is still status quo governance everywhere.

Keywords

inequalities Latin America neoliberalism post-neoliberal governance social inclusion

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Anderson

(2000) Renewals. New Left Review, 1 (January–February): 5–24. Available at: https://newleftreview.org/II/1/perry-anderson-renewals (accessed 15 August 2017).

Arsel

Hogenboom

Pellegrini

(2016) The extractive imperative in Latin America. The Extractive Industries and Society. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/2214790X/3 (accessed 15 February 2017).

Baker

Greene

(2011) The Latin American Left’s mandate: Free-market policies and issue voting in new democracies. World Politics 63(1): 43–77.

Bárcena

(2016) Estancada: la Reducción de la Pobreza e Indigencia en América Latina. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.

Birdsall

de la Torre

Valencia Caicedo

(2010) The Washington Consensus: Assessing a damaged brand. Centre for Global Development, Working Paper 213. Available at: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/118196/wp213.pdf (accessed 15 August 2017).

Blyth

(1997) Any more bright ideas? The ideational turn of comparative political economy. Comparative Politics 29(2): 229–250.

Buxton

(2009) The Bolivarian Revolution as Venezuela’s postcrisis alternative. In: Grugel

Riggirozzi

(eds) Governance After Neoliberalism in Latin America. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, pp. 147–173.

Carnes

Mares

(2015) Explaining the ‘return of the state’ in middle-income countries: Employment vulnerability, income, and preferences for social protection in Latin America. Politics & Society 43(4): 525–550.

Caselli

(2016) The law that empowered Ecuador’s disabled. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23692217 (accessed 20 June 2016).

10.

Centeno

Cohen

(2012) The arc of neoliberalism. The Annual Review of Sociology 38(1): 317–340.

11.

CEPAL (2007) Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.

12.

Conaghan

(2016) Ecuador under Correa. Journal of Democracy 27(3): 109–118.

13.

El País (2017) Mercosur decide la ‘suspensión política’ de Venezuela y consuma el aislamiento de Maduro. El País, 6 August. Available at: https://elpais.com/internacional/2017/08/05/actualidad/1501946948_015024.html (accessed 13 March 2018).

14.

Ellner

(2016) Showdown in Venezuela. NACLA Report on the Americas 48(2): 111–114.

15.

Ferguson

(2009) The uses of neoliberalism. Antipode 41 (51): 166–184.

16.

Ferreira da Souza

(2012) Poverty, inequality and social policies in Brazil. Available at: http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper87.pdf (accessed 10 December 2016).

17.

Flores-Macias

(2012) After Neoliberalism? The Left and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

18.

Foxley

(2010) Markets vs States: Post crisis Economics in Latin America. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment. Available at: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/market_versus_state.pdf (accessed 15 February 2017).

19.

Grugel

Fontana

(forthcoming) Human rights and the pink tide in Latin America: Which rights matter? Development and Change.

20.

Grugel

Riggirozzi

(eds) (2009) Governance after Neoliberalism in Latin America. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan.

21.

Grugel

Riggirozzi

(2012) Post neoliberalism: Rebuilding and reclaiming the state in Latin America. Development and Change 43(1): 1–21.

22.

Grugel

Riggirozzi

(2017) New directions in welfare: Social policies through rights and recognition in Latin America. Third World Quarterly (online). Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1392084 (accessed 12 March 2018).

23.

Gudynas

(2012) Estado Compensador y Nuevos Extractivismos. Nueva Sociedad (237): 128–146.

24.

Harvey

(2006) A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

25.

Huber

Solt

(2004) Successes and failures of neoliberalism. Latin American Research Review 39(3): 150–164.

26.

Hunter

(2007) The normalisation of an anomaly: The Workers’ Party in Brazil. World Politics 59(3): 440–475.

27.

IMF (2016) Regional Economic Outlook for the Western Hemisphere, Washington DC: IMF.

28.

Jenkins

(2012) Latin America and China – A new dependency? Third World Quarterly 33(7): 1337–1358.

29.

Jenkins

Dussel Peters

(eds) (2010) China and Latin America; Economic Relations in the Twenty First Century. Bonn: German Development Institute.

30.

Jenson

(2010) The diffusion of ideas for after neoliberalism. Global Social Policy 10(1): 172–192.

31.

Karl

(1997) The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro States. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.

32.

Lavinas

(2013) 21st century welfare. New Left Review 84. Available at: https://newleftreview.org/II/84/lena-lavinas-21st-century-welfare (accessed 10 December 2016).

33.

Leiva

(2008) Latin American Neostructuralism: The Contradictions of Post-neoliberal Development. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

34.

Levitsky

(2015) El Fin del Giro a la Izquierda? Available at: http://larepublica.pe/columnistas/aproximaciones/el-fin-del-giro-a-la-izquierda-05–04–2015 (accessed 5 December 2016).

35.

Levitsky

Roberts

(2011) The Resurgence of the Latin American Left. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

36.

Londoño

Szekely

(1998) Sorpresas Distributivas después de una Década de Reformas: Latinoamérica en los Noventa. In: Pensamiento Iberoamericano. Madrid: IDB, pp. 195–238.

37.

Lustig

López Calva

Ortiz Juárez

(2013) Declining inequality in Latin America in the 2000s: The cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. World Development 44(1): 129–141.

38.

Martinez Baracaldo

Kernecker

(2011) State and political reforms in Latin America: A comparison of the opinions of politicians and citizens. Available at: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/insights/091211-PELA-PNUD_bulletin-5.pdf (accessed 12 February 2017).

39.

Mazower

(2012) Governing the World: The History of an Idea. London: Allen Lane.

40.

Navia

(2009) The Chilean left socialist and neoliberal. In: Burdick

Oxhorn

Roberts

(eds) Beyond Neoliberalism in Latin America. Palgrave Studies of the Americas. LONDON: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 17–41.

41.

Negroponte

(2013) Nicolas Maduro: Venezuela’s Next President. Brookings, 19 April. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/nicolas-maduro-venezuelas-next-president-2/ (accessed 13 March 2018).

42.

Ocampo

Vallejo

(2012) Economic growth, equity and human development in Latin America. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 13(1): 107–133.

43.

OECD (2016) Promoting productivity for inclusive growth in Latin America. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/publications/promoting-productivity-for-inclusive-growth-in-latin-america-9789264258389-en.htm (accessed 12 January 2017).

44.

Oxhorn

(2009) Citizenship as consumption or citizenship as agency comparing democratizing reforms in Bolivia and Brazil. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Toronto, 3–6 September.

45.

Oxhorn

Ducatenzeiler

(eds) (1998) What Kind of Democracy? What Kind of Market? Latin America in an Age of Neoliberalism. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.

46.

PAHO (2014) Plan of action on disabilities and rehabilitation. Presented at the 66th Session of the Regional Committee of WHO for the Americas, CD53/7, Washington, DC, 29 September–3 October 2014.

47.

Papadopoulos

Velázquez Leyer

(2016) Two decades of social investment in Latin America: Outcomes, shortcomings and achievements of conditional cash transfers. Social Policy and Society 15(3): 435–449.

48.

Penfold

Rodríguez Guzmán

(2014) The growing but vulnerable middle class in Latin America: Growth patterns, values and preferences. Public Policy and Productive Transformation Series No. 17. Available at: http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/909/CAF%20ENGLISH%20N17%20(2).pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y (accessed 17 December 2016).

49.

Petras

(2015) The demise of incumbents: Resurgence of the Far Right, absence of the ‘Consequential Left’. Available at: http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-demise-of-incumbents-resurgence-of-the-far-right-absence-of-the-consequential-left/5487151 (accessed 24 August 2017).

50.

Pribble

(2013) Welfare and Party Politics in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

51.

Przeworksi

(1986) Some problems in the study of transitions to democracy. In: O’Donnell

Schmitter

Whitehead

(eds) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 47–63.

52.

Przeworski

(2011) La Democracia y sus Controles. Interview with Natalia Aruguete. Pagina 12, 28 March. Available at: http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/dialogos/subnotas/21–52759–2011–03–28.html#arriba (accessed 20 September 2016).

53.

Radcliffe

(2015) Dilemmas of Difference: Indigenous Women and the Limits of Postcolonial Development Policy. London, Duke University Press.

54.

Roberts

(2008) ¿Es Posible una Socialdemocracia en América Latina? Nueva Sociedad 217 (September–October): 86–98.

55.

Rossi

(2015) The second wave of incorporation in Latin America: A Conceptualisation of the Quest for Inclusion Applied to Argentina. Latin American Politics and Society 57(1): 1–28.

56.

Santiso

(2006) Latin America’s Political Economy of the Possible: Beyond Good Revolutionaries and Free-Marketeers. Cambridge and London: The MIT Press.

57.

Serbin

Serbin Pont

(2017) Crisis cripples Venezuela. Available at: https://www.stanleyfoundation.org/articles.cfm?id=852 (accessed 15 August 2017).

58.

Stokes

(2001) Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

59.

Svampa

(2013) El Consenso de Commodities y Lenguajes de Valoración en América Latina. Available at: http://www.iade.org.ar/ (accessed 25 January 2014).

60.

Svampa

(2017) Del Cambio de Epoca al Fin de Ciclo. Buenos Aires: Edhasa.

61.

Therborn

(2011) Inequalities and Latin America: From the Enlightenment to the twenty first century. Available at: http://www.desigualdades.net/Resources/Working_Paper/WPTherbornOnline.pdf (accessed 12 January 2017).

62.

Van Cott

(2005) From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

63.

Vakis

Rigolini

Lucchetti

(2015) Overview: Left Behind: Chronic Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: World Bank.

64.

Wacquant

(2012) Three steps to a historical anthropology of actually existing neoliberalism. Social Anthropology 20(1): 66–79.

65.

Yashar

(2011) The Left and citizenship rights. In: Levitsky

Roberts

(eds) The Resurgence of the Latin American Left. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, pp. 184–210.

66.

Zizek

(2016) On Clinton, Trump and the Left’s dilemma. Available at: http://inthesetimes.com/features/zizek_clinton_trump_lesser_evil.html (accessed 12 February 217).