Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) overcome limitations of pure fuel cell vehicles through multi-source integration, employing a hybrid architecture that combines fuel cells with auxiliary storage devices (batteries/supercapacitors) to resolve inherent issues including slow transient response and inefficient regenerative braking. However, this integration introduces significant energy management complexity due to heterogeneous component characteristics, which makes simultaneous optimization of economic efficiency and power source durability a critical research focus. This review systematically analyzes FCHEV powertrain architectures and classifies energy management strategies (EMS) into three paradigms: rule-based, optimization-based, and intelligent algorithm-based strategies. A comprehensive analytical framework is established, encompassing: (1) fundamental principles and architectural analysis of each strategy category; (2) multi-dimensional comparative evaluations across key performance indicators including control responsiveness, global optimization capability, and hardware compatibility; (3) applicability assessment under typical operational scenarios. The findings provide theoretical foundations and technical references for developing advanced vehicle-level EMS solutions that enhance FCHEV dynamic performance, economic efficiency, and power source durability, while advancing methodological innovations for FCHEV-specific energy management.
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