The construct of situation awareness (SA) and Endsley’s 1995 model of SA are considered in the context of the history of the struggle to determine the role of matter (situations) and mind (awareness) for both basic and applied cognitive science. This struggle is framed in terms of two alternative views of the underlying semiotic system. The dyadic view puts the focus on structures of mind. This view leads to a dualistic ontology in which mind and matter tend to be considered as two distinctive systems. The triadic view puts the focus on mind as a means for adapting to the functional demands of situations. This view leads to a monist ontology whereby mind and matter interact as a single system shaping human experience. As a result of Endsley’s model, today the debate is framed in terms of SA.
ChomskyN. (1965). Analysis of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10.
DeweyJ. (1896). The reflex arc concept in psychology. Psychological Review, 3, 359–370.
11.
EndsleyM. R. (1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37, 32–64.
12.
EndsleyM. R. (2015). Situation awareness misconceptions and misunderstandings. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 9(1), 4–32.
13.
EndsleyM. R.JonesD. G. (2012). Designing for situation awareness: An approach to human-centered design (2nd ed.). London, UK: Taylor & Francis.
14.
FlachJ. M. (1994). Situation awareness: The emperor’s new clothes. In MoulouaM.ParasuramanR. (Eds.), Human performance in automated systems: Current research and trends (pp. 241–248). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
15.
FlachJ. M. (1995). Situation awareness: Proceed with caution. Human Factors, 37, 149–157.
16.
FlachJ. M.DominguezC. O. (1995). Use-centered design. Ergonomics in Design, 3(3), 19–24.
17.
FlachJ. M.HancockP. A.CairdJ.VicenteK. (Eds.). (1995). Global perspectives on the ecology of human–machine systems. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
18.
FlachJ. M.MulderM.van PaassenM. M. (2004). The concept of the “situation” in psychology. In BanburyS.TremblayS. (Eds.), A cognitive approach to situation awareness: Theory, measurement, and application. (pp. 42–60). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
19.
GibsonE. J. (1969). Perceptual learning and development. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
20.
GibsonJ. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
21.
GibsonJ. J.OlumP.RosenblattF. (1955). Parallax and perspective during aircraft landings. American Journal of Psychology, 68, 372–385.
22.
GoldsteinW. M. (2006). Introduction to Brunswikian theory and method. In KirlikA. (Ed.), Adaptive perspectives on human-technology interaction: Methods and models for cognitive engineering and human–computer interaction (pp. 10–24). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
23.
HollnagelE.WoodsD. D. (1983). Cognitive systems engineering: New wine in new bottles. International Journal of Man–Machine Studies, 18, 583–600.
24.
HutchinsE. (1995a). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25.
HutchinsE. (1995b). How a cockpit remembers its speeds. Cognitive Science, 19, 265–288.
26.
KahnemanD. (2011). Thinking fast and slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
27.
KantowitzB. H.SorkinR. D. (1983). Human factors: Understanding people–system relationships. New York, NY: Wiley.
28.
KirlikA. (1995). Requirements for psychological models to support design: Toward ecological task analysis. In FlachJ.HancockP.CairdJ.VicenteK. (Eds.), Global perspectives on the ecology of human–machine systems (pp. 68–120). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
29.
KleinG. A. (1993). A recognition primed decision (RPD) model of rapid decision making. In KleinG. A.OrasanuJ.CalderwoodR.ZambokC. E. (Eds.), Decision making in action: Models and methods (pp. 138–147). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
30.
KleinG. A. (2003). Intuition at work. New York, NY: Currency.
31.
KuglerP. A.TurveyM. T. (1984). Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32.
LakoffG.JohnsonM. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
33.
LakoffG.JohnsonM. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh. New York, NY: Basic Books.
34.
LangtonC. G. (Ed.). (1989). Artificial life. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
35.
LangewiescheW. (1944). Stick and rudder. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
36.
LevesonN. G. (1995). Safeware: System safety and computers. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
37.
LevesonN. G. (2011). Engineering a safer world. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
38.
MaceW. M. (1977). J. J. Gibson’s strategy for perceiving: Ask not what’s inside your head, but what your head’s inside of. In ShawR.BradsfordJ. (Eds.), Perceiving, acting and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 43–65). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
39.
MillerG. A.GalanterE.PribramK. H. (1960). Plans and the structure of behavior. New York, NY: Henry Holt.
40.
NaikarN. (2013). Work domain analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
41.
NeisserU. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
42.
NeisserU. (1976). Cognition and reality. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
43.
NewellA.SimonH. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
44.
NormanD. A. (1986). Cognitive engineering. In NormanD. A.DraperS. W. (Eds.), User centered system design (pp. 31–61). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
45.
ParasuramanR.RizzoM. (2007). Neuroergonomics: The brain at work. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
46.
PeirceC. S. (1982). The writings of Charles Sanders Peirce: A chronological edition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
47.
PerrowC. (1984). Normal accidents: Living with high-risk technologies. New York, NY: Basic Books.
48.
PiagetJ. (1959). The language and thought of the child. London, UK: Routledge. (Original work published 1923)
49.
PirsigR. (1974). Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
50.
RasmussenJ. (1986) Information processing and human–machine interaction: An approach to cognitive engineering. New York, NY: Elsevier.
51.
RasmussenJ.PejtersenA. M.GoodsteinL. P. (1994). Cognitive systems engineering. New York, NY: Wiley.
52.
RasmussenJ.VicenteK. J. (1989). Coping with human errors through system design: Implications for ecological interface design. International Journal of Man–Machine Studies, 31, 517–534.
53.
RochlinG. I.La PorteT. R.RobertsK. H. (1987). The self-designing high-reliability organization: Aircraft carrier flight operations at sea. Naval College War Review, 51(3), 97–113.
54.
RumelhartD. E.McClellandJ. (1986). Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
55.
SarterN.WoodsD. D.BillingsC. (1997). Automation surprises. In SalvendyG. (Ed.), Handbook of human factors/ergonomics (2nd ed., pp. 1926–1943). New York, NY: Wiley.
56.
ShawR. (1984). The dripping faucet as a model chaotic system. Santa Cruz, CA: Aerial Press.
57.
SmithK.HancockP. A. (1995). Situation awareness is adaptive, externally directed consciousness. Human Factors, 37, 137–148.
58.
StappersP. J.FlachJ. M. (2004). Visualizing cognitive systems: Getting past block diagrams. In 2004 Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Vol. 1, pp. 821–826). The Hague, Netherlands: IEEE.
59.
SuchmanL. A. (1987). Plans and situated actions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
60.
TitchenerE. B. (1898). Postulates of a structural psychology. Philosophical Review, 7, 290–299.
61.
VicenteK. J. (1999). Cognitive work analysis: Toward safe, productive, and healthy computer-based work. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
62.
WatsonJ. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist sees it. Psychological Review, 20, 158–177.
63.
WatsonR. I. (1978). The great psychologists. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
64.
WeickK. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
65.
WickensC. D.LeeJ. D.LiuY.Gordon-BeckerS. E. (2004). An introduction to human factors engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
66.
WienerN. (1948). Cybernetics: Control and communication in the animal and the machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
67.
WinogradT.FloresF. (1986). Understanding computers and cognition: A new foundation for design. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
68.
WoodsD. D. (1991). The cognitive engineering of problem representations. In WeirG. R. S.AltyJ. L. (Eds.), Human–computer interaction and complex systems (pp. 169–188). London, UK: Academic Press.
69.
WoodsD. D.RothE. M. (1988). Cognitive systems engineering. In HelanderM. (Ed.), Handbook of human–computer interaction. New York, NY: North-Holland.
