Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2012-1
Histological Evaluation of Peri-Implant Soft Tissues in Immediately Loaded Implants Featuring Different Implant-Abutment Connections: A Preliminary Study
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the peri-implant soft tissues and the amount of inflammatory cells around two different implant-abutment connections (self-locking conical connection with platform switching and screwed connection with standard abutment and internal anti-rotational system). Histological analysis was made of 14 implants, 7 with self-locking Morse tapered connection (experimental group A) and 7 with screw-retained anti-rotational connection (control group B). Sixty days after non-functional immediate loading, peri-implant tissue biopsies were performed. In the samples taken from the experimental group the peri-implant connective tissue consisted of a greater density of collagen and fibroblasts compared to the connective tissue of the control group. The experimental group specimens showed less inflammatory infiltrate close to the self-locking tapered connection compared to the tissues around the screw-retained connection. The SEM observations showed less microgap in the self-locking conical connection than in the screw connections with standard abutment and internal anti-rotational system. The presence of connective tissue with few inflammatory cells and the absence of inflammatory infiltrate, in self-locking conical connection implants is due to the minimal size of the implant-abutment microgap that does not allow the passage of fluids and bacteria from the oral cavity to the implant thus preventing tissue inflammation.
LazzaraRSiddiquiAABinonPFeldmanSAWeinerRPhillipsRGonshorA. Retrospective multicenter analysis of 3i endosseous dental implants placed over a five-year period. Clin Oral Implants Res1996; 7(1):73–83.
2.
BuserDMericske-SternRBernardJPBehnekeABehnekeNHirtHPBelserUCLangNP. Long-term evaluation of non-submerged ITI implants. Part 1: 8-year life table analysis of a prospective multi-center study with 2359 implants. Clin Oral Implants Res1997; 8(3):161–72.
3.
KallusTBessingC. Loose gold screws frequently occur in full-arch fixed prostheses supported by osseointegrated implants after 5 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants1994; 9(2): 169–78.
4.
JemtTPetterssonP. A 3-year follow-up study on single implant treatment. J Dent1993; 21(4):203–8.
5.
BinonPP. Implants and components: Entering the new millennium. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2000; 15(1):76–94.
6.
LevineRAClemDS3rdWilsonTGJrHigginbottomFSolnitG. Multicenter retrospective analysis of the ITI implant system used for single-tooth replacements: Results of loading for 2 or more years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants1999; 14(4): 516–20.
7.
CheeWFeltonDAJohnsonPFSullivanDY. Cemented versus screw-retained implant prostheses: Which is better?Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants1999; 14(1):137–41.
8.
ManganoCBartolucciEG. Single tooth replacement by Morse taper connection implants: A retrospective study of 80 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2001; 16(5):675–80.
9.
TraverskyMCBirekP. Fluid and microbial leakage of implant- abutment assembly in vitro (abstract 1909). J Dent Res1992; 71(s):754.
10.
QuirynenMBollenCMEyssenHvan SteenbergheD. Microbial penetration along the implant components of the Brånemark system. An in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res1994; 5(4):239–44.
11.
AlcoforadoGARamsTEFeikDSlotsJ. Microbial aspects of failing osseointegrated dental implants in humans. J Parodontal1991; 10(1):11–8.
12.
OrsiniGFanaliSScaranoAPetroneGdi SilvestroSPiattelliA. Tissue reactions, fluids, and bacterial infiltration in implants retrieved at autopsy: A case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2000; 15(2): 283–6.
13.
DegidiMArteseLScaranoAPerrottiVGehrkePPiattelliA. Inflammatory infiltrate, microvessel density, nitric oxide synthase expression, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and proliferative activity in peri-implant soft tissues around titanium and zirconium oxide healing caps. J Periodontal2006; 77:73–80.
14.
ScaranoAAssenzaBPiattelliMIezziGLeghissaGCQuarantaATortoraPPiattelliA. A 16-year study of the microgap between 272 human titanium implants and their abutments. J Oral Implantol2005; 31:269–75.
15.
AssenzaBArteseLScaranoARubiniCPerrottiVPiattelliMThamsUSan RomanFPiccirilliMPiattelliA. Screw vs cement-implant-retained restorations: An experimental study in the beagle. Part 2. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the peri-implant tissues. J Oral Implantol2006; 32:1–7.
16.
DibartSWarbingtonMSuMFSkobeZ. In vitro evaluation of the implant-abutment bacterial seal: The locking taper system. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2005; 20(5):732–7.
17.
JansenVKConradsGRichterEJ. Microbial leakage and marginal fit of the implant-abutment interface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants1997; 12(4): 527–40.
18.
TodescanFFPustiglioniFEImbronitoAVAlbrektssonTGiosoM. Influence of the microgap in the peri-implant hard and soft tissues: A histomorphometric study in dogs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2002; 17(4):467–72.
19.
BrogginiNMcManusLMHermannJSMedinaRSchenkRKBuserDCochranDL. Peri-implant inflammation defined by the implant-abutment interface. J Dent Res2006; 85(5):473–8.
20.
HermannJSSchoolfieldJDSchenkRKBuserDCochranDL. Influence of the size of the microgap on crestal bone changes around titanium implants. A histometric evaluation of unloaded non-submerged implants in the canine mandible. J Periodontol2001; 72(10):1372–83.
21.
EricssonIBerglundhTMarinelloCLiljenbergBLindheJ. Long-standing plaque and gingivitis at implants and teeth in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res1992; 3(3):99–103.
22.
LazzaraRJPorterSS. Platform switching: A new concept in implant dentistry for controlling postrestorative crestal bone levels. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent2006; 26(1):9–17.
23.
CocchettoRTrainiTCaddeoFCellettiR. Evaluation of hard tissue response around wider platform-switched implants. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent2010; 30(2): 163–71.
24.
ImazatoSToriiMTsuchitaniYMcCabeJFRussellRR. Incorporation of bacterial inhibitor into resin composite. J Dent Res1994; 73(8): 1437–43.
25.
GiulianaGPizzoGMiliciMEGiangrecoR. In vitro activities of antimicrobial agents against Candida species. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod1999; 87(1):44–9.
26.
VozzaIBaroneAQuarantaMDe PaolisGCovaniUQuarantaA. A Comparison between endodontics and implantology: An 8-year retrospective study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00397.x.
27.
GoodacreCJKanJYRungcharassaengK. Clinical complications of osseointegrated implants. J Prosthet Dent1999; 81(5):537–52.
28.
PjeturssonBETanKLangNPBräggerUEggerMZwahlenM. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years. Clin Oral Implants Res2004; 15(6):667–76.
29.
JungREPjeturssonBEGlauserRZembicAZwahlenMLangNP. A systematic review of the 5-year survival and complication rates of implant-supported single crowns. Clin Oral Implants Res2008; 19(2): 119–30.
30.
ManganoCManganoFPiattelliAIezziGManganoALa CollaL. Prospective clinical evaluation of 1920 Morse taper connection implants: Results after 4 years of functional loading. Clin Oral Implants Res2009; 20(3):254–61.
31.
MerzBRHunenbartSBelserUC. Mechanics of the implant-abutment connection: An 8-degree taper compared to a butt joint connection. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants2000; 15(4):519–26.
32.
De PaolisGQuarantaAZappiaSVozzaIQuarantaM. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of internal -hex vs combined morse-taper / internal-hex implants systems: A case report. Dental Cadmos2011; 79(7):443–52.
33.
HermannJSBuserDSchenkRKHigginbottomFLCochranDL. Biologic width around titanium implants. A physiologically formed and stable dimension over time. Clin Oral Implants Res2000; 11(1):1–11.
